Английский язык | 10 - 11 классы
It is well known in computer science that the words 'computer' and 'processor' are used interchangeably.
Speaking more precisely, ‘computer’ refers to the central processing unit (CPU) together with an internal memory.
The internal memory, control and processing components make up the heart of the computer system.
Manufactures design the CPU to control and carry out basic instructions for their particular computer.
The CPU coordinates all the activities of the various components of the computer.
It determines which operations should be carried out and in what order.
The CPU controls the operation of the entire system by issuing commands to other parts of the system and by acting on responses.
When required it reads information from the memory, interprets instructions, performs operations on the data according to the instructions, writes the results back into the memory and moves information between memory levels or through the input - output ports.
In4igital computers the CPU can be divided into two functional units called the control unit (CU) and the arithmetic - logical unit (ALU).
These two units are made up of electronic circuits with millions of switches that can be in one of two states, either on or off.
The function of the CU within the central processor is to transmit coordinating control signals and commands.
The control unit is that part of the computer that directs the sequence of step - by - step operations of the system, selects instructions and data from memory, interprets the program instructions, and controls the flow between main storage and the arithmetic - logical unit.
The ALU, on the other hand, is that part of the computer in which the actual arithmetic operations, namely, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation, called for in the instructions are performed.
Programs and the data on which the CU and the ALU operate, must be in internal memory in order to be processed.
Thus, if located in secondary memory devices, such as disks or tapes, programs and data are first loaded into internal memory.
В этом тексте нужно найти вот эти слова
Хорошо известно ; к компьютеру относятся ; внутренняя память ; составлять суть ; выполнять ; координировать деятельность ; определяя в каком порядке ; управлять работой всей системы ; при необходимости ; в соответствии с командами ; уровни памяти ; порт ввода - вывода ; переключатели ; режим включения или выключения ; передавать сигналы ; указывать последовательность пошаговых операций ; основная память ; управлять ходом выполнения программы ; с другой стороны ; выполнять вычитание, сложение, возведение в степень, деление, умножение ; для того чтобы.
Помогите хоть чуток Write out the professional terminology from the text?
Помогите хоть чуток Write out the professional terminology from the text.
Computers are electronic machines which can accept data in a certain form, process the data and give the results of the processing in a specified format as information.
Three basic steps are involved in the process.
First, data are fed into the computer’s memory.
Then, when the program is run, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data.
Finally, we can see the results (the output) on the screen or in printed form.
Information in the form of data and programs is known as software, and the electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer system are called hardware.
A standard computer system consists of three main sections : the central processing unit (CPU), the main memory and the peripherals.
Perhaps the most influential component is the central processing unit.
Its function is to execute program instructions and coordinate the activities of all the other units.
In a way, it is the ‘brain’ of the computer.
The main memory holds the instructions and data which are currently being processed by the CPU.
The peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer.
They include storage devices and input / output devices.
Storage devices (floppy, hard or optical disks) provide a permanent storage of both data and programs.
Disk drives are used to handle one or more floppy disks.
Input devices enable data to go into the computer’s memory.
The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.
Output devices enable us to extract the finished product from the system.
For example, the computer shows the output on the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of a printer.
On the rear panel of the computer there are several ports into which we can plug a wide range of peripherals – modems, fax machines, optical drives and scanners.
These are the main physical units of a computer system, generally known as the configuration.
Переведите предложения, содержащие Perfect ParticipleActive и Perfect Participle Passive?
Переведите предложения, содержащие Perfect Participle
Active и Perfect Participle Passive.
1. Having finished the research the scientists made the analysis of the data obtained.
2. The designer left the office having looked through all the documents.
3. Having discussed the functions of storage units we passed on to the consideration of control processing unit.
4. Having limited the information capacity of a single bit to two alternatives the computer designers expressed data by a combination of bits.
5. Having translated the program into machine language the computer architect put the program into the machine.
6. Having been coded the instruction was transmitted to the central processing unit.
7. Having been transmitted to the central processing unit the instruction made arithmetic - logical unit perform some computations.
8. Having been regulated by the operator the equipment operated well.
9. Data having been entered correctly into the computer component of a data processing system, the need for further manipulation by humans is eliminated.
10. Having been well prepared for the examination the pupils could answer all the questions the teacher asked them.
Перевидите текст : Let's assume that we have studied the problem, designed a logical plan, and are now ready to write the program instructions?
Перевидите текст : Let's assume that we have studied the problem, designed a logical plan, and are now ready to write the program instructions.
The process of writing pro - gram instructions is called coding.
The instructions will be writ¬ten on a form called a coding form.
The instructions we write will be entered directly into computer memory through a terminal keyboard.
The computer cannot understand instructions written in just any old way.
The instructions must be written according to a set of rules.
These rules are the foundation of a programming lan¬guage.
A programming language must convey the logical steps of the program plan in such a way that the control unit of the CPU can interpret and follow the instructions.
Programming languages have improved throughout the years, just as computer hardware has improved.
They have progressed from machine - oriented languages that use strings of binary Is and Os to prob¬lem - oriented languages that use common mathematical and / or English terms.
There are over 200 problem - oriented languages.
One of them is PASCAL.
Прочитайте текст о структуре процессора и запол -ните пропуски, используя слова, приведенные ниже :Structure of the processorThe processor consists of a 1_____, which is a circuit board on which aremo?
Прочитайте текст о структуре процессора и запол -
ните пропуски, используя слова, приведенные ниже :
Structure of the processor
The processor consists of a 1_____, which is a circuit board on which are
mounted 2_____ chips, memory chips, and other components linked together by
3_____ lines or channels in the form of control, address, and data 4_____.
In
addition, a processor has 5_____, which are electronic circuits providing specialized
functions such as graphics, or which connect a system board to 6_____.
The
system board also consists of electronic devices, such as an electronic 7_____
for controlling the speed of operation ; 8_____, which store numeric data, during
the course of processing ; and various 9_____, including sequence control register,
address register, and function register.
Adaptor boards, registers, microprocessor, clock, сonductive,
system board, accumulators, input or output devices, buses THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
It is common practice in computer science for the words "computer" and "processor" to be used
interchangeably.
More precisely, "computer" refers to the central processing unit (CPU) together with an
internal memory.
The internal memory or main storage, control and processing components make up the
heart of the computer system.
Manufacturers design the CPU to control and carry out basic instructions
for their particular computer.
The CPU coordinates all the activities of the various components of the computer.
It determines which
operations should be carried out and in what order.
The CPU can also retrieve information from memory
and can store the results of manipulations back into the memory unit for later reference.
In digital computers the CPU can be divided into two functional units called the control unit (CU) and the
arithmetic - logical unit (ALU).
These two units are made up of electronic circuits with millions of
switches that can be in one of two states, either on or off.
The function of the control unit within the central processor is to transmit coordinating control signals and
commands.
The control unit is that portion of the computer that directs the sequence or step - by - step
operations of the system, selects instructions and data from memory, interprets the program instructions,
and controls the flow between main storage and the arithmetic - logical unit.
The arithmetic - logical unit, on the other hand, is that portion of the computer in which the actual
arithmetic operations, namely, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentation, called for
in the
instructions are performed.
It also performs some kinds of logical operations such as comparing or
selecting information.
All the operations of the ALU are under the direction of the control unit.
Programs and the data on which the control unit and the ALU operate, must be in internal memory in
order to be processed.
Thus, if located on secondary memory devices such as disks, programs and data are
first loaded into internal memory.
Main storage and the CPU are connected to a console.
Найдите в тексте :a) синонимы следующим словам : specific ; decides ; job ; movement ; situatedb) антонимы следующим словам : exceptional ; generally ; not needed ; taken out ; shut down?
Найдите в тексте :
a) синонимы следующим словам : specific ; decides ; job ; movement ; situated
b) антонимы следующим словам : exceptional ; generally ; not needed ; taken out ; shut down.
THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
It is common practice in computer science for the words "computer" and "processor" to be used
interchangeably.
More precisely, "computer" refers to the central processing unit (CPU) together with an
internal memory.
The internal memory or main storage, control and processing components make up the
heart of the computer system.
Manufacturers design the CPU to control and carry out basic instructions
for their particular computer.
The CPU coordinates all the activities of the various components of the computer.
It determines which
operations should be carried out and in what order.
The CPU can also retrieve information from memory
and can store the results of manipulations back into the memory unit for later reference.
In digital computers the CPU can be divided into two functional units called the control unit (CU) and the
arithmetic - logical unit (ALU).
These two units are made up of electronic circuits with millions of
switches that can be in one of two states, either on or off.
The function of the control unit within the central processor is to transmit coordinating control signals and
commands.
The control unit is that portion of the computer that directs the sequence or step - by - step
operations of the system, selects instructions and data from memory, interprets the program instructions,
and controls the flow between main storage and the arithmetic - logical unit.
The arithmetic - logical unit, on the other hand, is that portion of the computer in which the actual
arithmetic operations, namely, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentation, called for
in the
instructions are performed.
It also performs some kinds of logical operations such as comparing or
selecting information.
All the operations of the ALU are under the direction of the control unit.
Programs and the data on which the control unit and the ALU operate, must be in internal memory in
order to be processed.
Thus, if located on secondary memory devices such as disks, programs and data are
first loaded into internal memory.
Main storage and the CPU are connected to a console.
35 Баллов?
35 Баллов!
3. Составьте к самостоятельно выбранным предложениям из текста пять вопросов разного типа (общий, альтернативный, специальный, разделительный, к подлежащему), ответьте на них и переведите.
A computer is an electronic machine which can accept data in a certain form, process the data, and give the results of the processing in a specified format as information.
First, data is fed into the computer’s memory.
Then, when the program is run, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data.
Finally, we can see the results (the output) on the screen or in printed form.
A computer system consists of two parts : hardware and software.
Hardware is any electronic or mechanical part you can see or touch.
Software is a set of instructions, called a program, which tells the computer what to do.
There are three basic hardware sections : the central processing unit (CPU), main memory and peripherals.
Perhaps the most influential component is the central processing unit.
Its function is to execute program instructions and coordinate the activities of all the other units.
In a way, it is the brain of the computer.
The main memory (a collection of RAM chips) holds the instructions and data which are being processed by the CPU.
Peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer.
They include storage devices and input / output devices.
Storage devices (hard drives , DVD drives or flash drives) provide a permanent storage of both data and programs.
Disk drives are used to read and write data on disks.
Input devices enable data to go into the computer’s memory.
The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.
Output devices enable us to extract the finished product from the system.
For example, the computer shows the output on the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of a printer.
On the rear panel of the computer there are several ports into which we can plug a wide range of peripherals – a modem, a digital camera, a scanner, etc.
They allow communication between the computer and the devices.
Modern desktop PCs have USB ports and memory card readers on the front panel.
Компьютер - это электронная машина, которая может принимать данные в определенной форме, обрабатывать данные и давать результаты обработки в указанном формате в качестве информации.
Во - первых, данные поступают в память компьютера.
Затем, когда программа выполняется, компьютер выполняет набор инструкций и обрабатывает данные.
Наконец, мы можем видеть результаты (вывод) на экране или в печатном виде.
Компьютерная система состоит из двух частей : аппаратного и программного обеспечения.
Аппаратное обеспечение - это любая электронная или механическая часть, которую вы можете видеть или касаться.
Программное обеспечение представляет собой набор инструкций, называемых программой, которые сообщают компьютеру, что делать.
Существует три основных раздела оборудования : центральный процессор (CPU), оперативная память и периферийные устройства.
Возможно, наиболее влиятельным компонентом является центральный процессор.
Его функция заключается в выполнении программных инструкций и координации действий всех других подразделений.
В некотором смысле, это мозг компьютера.
Основная память (набор микросхем ОЗУ) содержит инструкции и данные, которые обрабатываются процессором.
Периферии - это физические единицы, подключенные к компьютеру.
Они включают устройства хранения и устройства ввода / вывода.
Устройства хранения (жесткие диски, DVD - приводы или флэш - накопители) обеспечивают постоянное хранение данных и программ.
Дисковые накопители используются для чтения и записи данных на дисках.
Устройства ввода позволяют данным заходить в память компьютера.
Наиболее распространенными устройствами ввода являются мышь и клавиатура.
Устройства вывода позволяют нам извлекать готовый продукт из системы.
Например, компьютер показывает результаты на мониторе или печатает результаты на бумаге с помощью принтера.
На задней панели компьютера есть несколько портов, в которые мы можем подключить широкий спектр периферийных устройств - модем, цифровую камеру, сканер и т.
Д. Они позволяют осуществлять связь между компьютером и устройствами.
Современные настольные ПК имеют USB - порты и считыватели карт памяти на передней панели.
Перевести не с помощью переводчика What is a computer?
Перевести не с помощью переводчика What is a computer?
Computer is a device for processing information.
Computer has no intelligence by itself and is called hardware.
A computer system is a combination of four elements : a) Hardware b) Software c) Procedures d) Data / information Software are the programs that tell the hardware how to perform a task.
Without software instructions, the hardware doesn’t know what to do.
The basic job of the computer is the processing of information.
Computers take information in the form of instructions called programs and symbols called data.
After that they perform various mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results (information).
Computer is used to convert data into information.
Computer is also used to store information in the digital form.
Ответить на вопросы : 1) What does the term “computer” describe?
2) Is computer intelligent?
3) What are four components of computer system?
4) What is software?
5) What’s the difference between the hardware and software?
6) In what way terms “data” and “information” differ?
7) How does computer convert data into information?
8. Переведите текст?
8. Переведите текст.
Ответьте на вопросы, используя ин¬
формацию текста.
1. What is a computer?
2. What are the two possible states of the switches?
3. What are the main functions of a computer?
4. In what way can we make the computer do what we want?
5. What is the basic task of a computer?
6. In what form does a computer accept information?
7. What is a program?
8. What are data?
9. What is memory?
10. What three basic capabilities have computers?
11. What are the ways of inputting informa¬tion into the computer?
12. What is the function of an input device?
13. What devices are used for outputting information?
14. What decisions can the computer make?
15. What are the computer's achievements limited by?
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of elec¬tronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores.
The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off ; magnetized or demag¬netized.
The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols).
The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the ma - chine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or magnetize or do not magne¬tize the cores.
The basic job of computers is processing of information.
For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform mathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations.
The program, or part of it, which tells the comput¬ers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.
It is considered that computers have many remarkable pow¬ers.
However most computers, whether large or small, have three basic capabilities.
First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic op¬erations, such as : addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation.
Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user.
After all, if we couldn't feed information in and get results back, these machines wouldn't be of much use.
Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use ter¬minals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes.
The computer's input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information into the computer.
For outputting information two common devices used are : a printer, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode - ray - tube display, which shows the results on a TV - like screen.
Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions.
The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type : "Who would win the war between two coun¬tries?
" or "Who is the richest person in the world?
" Unfortu¬nately, the computer can only decide three things, namely : Is one number less than another?
Are two numbers equal?
And, Is one number greater than another?
A computer can solve a series of problems and make thou¬sands of logical decisions without becoming tired.
It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.
A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it works according to the instructions given to it.
There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical 'brain', but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings.
A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the necessary information ; but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic - logical operations almost instan¬taneously.
A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.
Помогите пожалуйста с переводом?
Помогите пожалуйста с переводом!
What is a computer?
A computer is a machine that performs tasks, such as calculations or electronic communication, under the control of a set of instructions called a program.
Programs usually reside within a computer and arc retrieved and processed by the computer's electronics.
I he program results are stored and routed to output devices, such as video display monitors or printers.
A wide variety of activities is performed by computers reliably, accurately, and quickly.
Computers are extremely versatile.
In fact, they are universal information processing machines.
According to the Church - Taring thesis, computer with a certain minimum threshold capability is in principal capable of performing the tasks of any other computer Therefore, computers with capabilities ranging from those of a personal digital assistant to a supercomputer may all perform the same tasks, as long as the time and memory capacity are not considerations.
Therefore, the same computer designs may be adapted for tasks ranging from processing company payrolls to controlling unmanned spaceflights.
Due to technological advancement, modern electronic computers are exponentially more capable than those of preceding generations.
I he physical computer and its components are known as hardware.
Computer hardware includes the memory that stores data and program instructions : the central processing unit (CPU) that carries out program instructions ; the input devices, such as a keyboard or a mouse, that allow the user to communicate with the computer ; the output devices, such as printers and video display monitors, that enable the computer to present information to the user : and buses (hardware lines or wires) that connect these and other computer components.
The programs that run on the computer arc called software.
Software is generally designed to perform a particular type of task for example, to write a letter, to display and modify a photograph, or to direct the general operation of the computer.
5. Перепишите и переведите текст на родной язык :OPERATING SYSTEMS : HIDDEN SOFTWAREWhen a brand new computer comes off the factory assembly line, it can do nothing?
5. Перепишите и переведите текст на родной язык :
OPERATING SYSTEMS : HIDDEN SOFTWARE
When a brand new computer comes off the factory assembly line, it can do nothing.
The hardware needs software to make it work.
Are we talking about applications software such as wordprocessing or spreadsheet software?
Partly.
But an applications software package does not communicate directly with the hardware.
Between the applications software and the hardware is a software interface - an operating system.
An operating system is a set of programs that lies between applications software and the computer hardware.
The most important program in the operating system, the program that manages the operating system, is the supervisor program, most of which remains in memory and is thus referred to as resident.
The supervisor controls the entire operating system and loads into memory other operating system programs (called nonresident) from disk storage only as needed.
An operating system has three main functions : (1) manage the computer’s resources, such as the central processing unit, memory, disk drives, and printers, (2) establish a user interface, and (3) execute and provide services for applications software.
Keep in mind, however, that much of the work of an operating system is hidden from the user.
In particular, the first listed function, managing the computer’s resources, is taken care of without the user being aware of the details.
Furthermore, all input and output operations, although invoked by an applications program, are actually carried out by the operating system.
6. Составьте пять вопросов разного типа по содержанию текста (см.
Задание 5) и письменно ответьте на них.
Вопрос It is well known in computer science that the words 'computer' and 'processor' are used interchangeably?, расположенный на этой странице сайта, относится к категории Английский язык и соответствует программе для 10 - 11 классов. Если ответ не удовлетворяет в полной мере, найдите с помощью автоматического поиска похожие вопросы, из этой же категории, или сформулируйте вопрос по-своему. Для этого ключевые фразы введите в строку поиска, нажав на кнопку, расположенную вверху страницы. Воспользуйтесь также подсказками посетителей, оставившими комментарии под вопросом.
Хорошо известноIt is well known
к компьютеру относятся‘computer’ refers to ;
внутренняя памятьan internal memory ;
составлять сутьmake up the heart of
выполнять carry out ;
координировать деятельностьcoordinate all the activities ;
определяя в каком порядкеdetermine in what order.
;
управлять работой всей системы control the operation of the entire system ;
при необходимости When required ;
в соответствии с командами according to the instructions ;
уровни памяти memory levels ;
порт ввода - вывода input - output ports ;
переключатели switches ;
режим включения или выключения states on or off ;
передавать сигналы transmit signals ;
указывать последовательность пошаговых операций direct the sequence of step - by - step operations ;
основная память main storage ;
управлять ходом выполнения программы interpret the program instructions ;
с другой стороны on the other hand ;
выполнять вычитание, сложение, возведение в степень, деление, умножение addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation для того чтобыin order to.