Английский язык | 5 - 9 классы
Переведите текст Fuel system.
The fuel system feeds the engine with the fuel air mixture , i .
E. the mixture of air with petrol (gasoline)or kerosine oil (vaporizing oil).
The fuel system of SI (spark ignition) gasoline engine consists of a fuel tank, a sediment bowl, a gauze filter, a fuel pump.
A carburetor with a float and f float chamber, an automatic choke (valve).
A throttle valve, a governor and manifolds.
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Principle of Operation of the Four - stoke Petrol Engine The internal combustion engine is called so because fuel is burned directly inside the engine itself.
Most automobile engines work on a 4 - stroke cycle.
A cycle is one complete sequence of 4 strokes of the piston in the cylinder.
The operating cycle of the four - stroke petrol engine includes : inlet stroke (intake valve opens), compression stroke (both valves closed), power stroke (both valves closed), exhaust stroke (exhaust valve is opened).
To describe the complete cycle, let’s assume that the piston is at the top of the stroke (top dead center) and the inlet and the exhaust valves are closed.
When the piston moves down the inlet valve opens to intake a charge of fuel into the cylinder.
This is called the inlet (intake) stroke.
On reaching the lowest position (bottom dead center) the piston begins to move upward into the closed upper part of the cylinder, the inlet valve is closed and the mixture is compressed by the rising piston.
This is called the compression stroke.
As the piston again reaches the top dead center the spark plugs ignite the mixture, both valves being closed during the combustion.
As a result of burning mixture the gases expand and great pressure makes the piston move back down the cylinder.
This stroke is called the power stroke.
When the piston reaches the bottom of its stroke, the exhaust valve is opened, pressure is released, and the piston again rises.
It lets the burnt gas flow through the exhaust valve into the atmosphere.
This is called the exhaust stoke which complete the cycle.
So the piston moves in the cylinder down (intake stroke), up (compression stroke), down (power stroke), up (exhaust) stroke.
The heat released by the fuel is transformed into work so that the reciprocating movement of the pistons is converted into rotary movement of the crankshaft by means of connecting rods.
The human cardiovascular system consists of the heart , the blood vessels , and blood?
The human cardiovascular system consists of the heart , the blood vessels , and blood.
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) вопроса 3 - 4) The steam engine drove all sorts of machines, for example, steam ships and steam locomotives.
Indeed, the very first aeroplane built by A.
F. Mozhaisky also had a steam engine.
However, the steam engine had its disadvantages.
It was too large and heavy, and needed too much fuel.
The imperfections of the steam engine led to the design of a new type.
It was called the internal combustion engine, because its fuel ignites and burns inside the engine itself and not in a furnace.
It is smaller and lighter than a steam engine because it does not have a boiler.
It is also more powerful, as it uses better - quality fuel : petrol or kerosene.
The internal combustion engine is now used in cars, diesel locomotives and motor ships.
But to enable aeroplanes to fly faster than the speed of sound another, more powerful engine was needed.
Eventually, one was invented and it was given the name «jet engine».
The gases in it reach the temperature of over a thousand degrees.
It is made of a very resistant metal so that it will not melt.
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There are several main systems of the body : the skeletal, the muscular, the nervous, the digestive, the respiratory, the urinary, the endocrine and the reproductive systems.
The skeletal system consists of the bones of the body and ligaments and cartilages, which join them.
The chief function of the skeletal system is structural.
The muscular system consists of the skeletal muscles and their associated structures.
The main function of this system is to move us about.
The nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, nerves, ganglia and receptors.
It is a complex information system with all the necessary means for receiving, processing and communicating information.
The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels and the blood, which is pumped through the blood vessels by the heart.
Its function is mainly that of transportation system : the nutrients, oxygen, special substances which are required by cells are carried by the blood stream ; and the cellular wastes and sometimes other materials produced by the cells are carried away by the blood stream.
The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and a number of associated glands.
The respiratory system consists of the lungs, the air passages leading to them and associated structures.
Its main function is to convey oxygen to the lungs, where it can enter the blood stream and to remove carbon dioxide, which escapes from the blood into the lung spaces.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys which produce urine by removing nitrogenous and other wastes from the blood : the two ureters, which convey the urine away from the kidneys ; the urinary bladder, where the urine is stored until it is discharged ; and the urethra through which the urine is discharged.
7
The endocrine system consists of a number of glands throughout the body, which produce regulatory substances called hormones.
The endocrine system serves to regulate a large number of activities.
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1. Most fuel is burned near the exit from the furnace.
2. The better the equipment suits to the type of the fuel, the more its efficiency will be.
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Let's speak about human anatomy and physiology, which are the study, respectively, of the normal structure and functioning of the body.
Just as houses are built of individual bricks, so is the body made up of millions of microscopic individual urits called cells.
Each cell has a job to do and must be supplied with fuel and oxygen before it can do it.
In this respect the body is not different from any other working engine or machine.
All engines, machines and body cells are alike in requiring oxygen to burn their fuel and thereby produce the energy needed to perform their functions.
The fuel needed by the body comes from our food, while oxygen is present in the air we brea the.
Fuel and oxygen are conveyed in the blood to all parts of the body by the heart and circulation.
The food we eat is turned into usable fuel by a process known as digestion.
The digestive system contains the stomach and intestines.
Oxygen is obtained from the air we breathe.
The process by which it enters the blood to reach the body cells is called respiration.
The respiratory system consists of the air passeges and lungs.
Overall control and coordination of body functions is effected by the nervous system, which consist of the brain and nerves.
The brain may be likened to a computerized telephone exchange with the nerves serving as telephone lines.
There are many different types of cell in the body, depending on their particular function, but they all contain a central nucleus and are bounded by a cell wall.
The nucleus is responsible for growth by cell division, and contains chromosomes and genes which transmit the hereditary factors, which make every person a unique individual.
The cell wall is sufficiently thin to allow oxygen and nutrients from the blood to enter the cell and waste products to leave.
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Часть задания на фото, часть напишу.
Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple or the present simple.
1) If people (invent) a new fuel, cars (not / pollute) the air.
Английский язык уровня 7 класса.
Заранее спасибо!
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There are several main systems of the body : the skeletal, the muscular, the nervous, the digestive, the respiratory, the urinary, the endocrine and the reproductive systems.
The skeletal system consists of the bones of the body and ligaments and cartilages, which join them.
The chief function of the skeletal system is structural.
The muscular system consists of the skeletal muscles and their associated structures.
The main function of this system is to move us about.
The nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, nerves, ganglia and receptors.
It is a complex information system with all the necessary means for receiving, processing and communicating information.
The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels and the blood, which is pumped through the blood vessels by the heart.
Its function is mainly that of transportation system : the nutrients, oxygen, special substances which are required by cells are carried by the blood stream ; and the cellular wastes and sometimes other materials produced by the cells are carried away by the blood stream.
The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and a number of associated glands.
The respiratory system consists of the lungs, the air passages leading to them and associated structures.
Its main function is to convey oxygen to the lungs, where it can enter the blood stream and to remove carbon dioxide, which escapes from the blood into the lung spaces.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys which produce urine by removing nitrogenous and other wastes from the blood : the two ureters, which convey the urine away from the kidneys ; the urinary bladder, where the urine is stored until it is discharged ; and the urethra through which the urine is discharged.
7The endocrine system consists of a number of glands throughout the body, which produce regulatory substances called hormones.
The endocrine system serves to regulate a large number of activities.
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The nervous system is a Complex Network of nerves and cells that carry massages in and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body.
The nervous system includes both the Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system.
ПОМОГИТЕ НАЙТИ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ В СТРАДАТЕЛЬНОМ ЗАЛОГЕ Water in fuel oil?
ПОМОГИТЕ НАЙТИ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ В СТРАДАТЕЛЬНОМ ЗАЛОГЕ Water in fuel oil.
Water may get into the fuel oil by leakage through defective welding of tanks, through alternate use of tanks for fuel oil and water ballast, or the fuel oil as delivered into tanks may contain considerable moisture that will settle out.
The troubles then are cracked heads and pistons, burned out exhaust valves, injection valves, high - pressure fuel pumps.
Improperly refined oil.
Fuel oil must, during the refining process, be treated with sulphuric acid and this acid must later be neutralized with soda.
When the engine is opened up after running on the insufficiently washed oil, the entire surface of the combustion spaces in the cylinders has a coating of gritty material which is mostly sodium sulphate.
It causes considerable wear of piston rings and cylinder liners.
Cracked cylinders and cylinder heads.
Cracks may result from unequal heating due to poor design, bad castings, air pockets in jackets, lack of cooling water and overloading.
Cracking from the first two causes seldom occurs.
Troubles arising from air pockets are eliminated by periodical opening of the vent cocks on the cylinder heads.
When for any reason the cooling water supply to part or all of the cylinders fails, the engine should not be kept in operation long while the trouble is being corrected.
Cracks that are due to overloading usually result from local overloading, caused by trouble with the fuel pumps or some other conditions that cause one or more cylinders to quit firing.
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Топливная система.
Топливная система питает двигатель с топливной воздушной смеси , я .
Е. смесь воздуха с бензином (бензин)керосин или масло (испарительными).
Топливной системы СИ (с искровым зажиганием) бензинового двигателя состоит из топливного бака, отстойника, марлевый Фильтр, топливный насос.
Карбюратор с поплавком и F поплавковой камере, автоматическую заслонку (клапан).
Дроссельный клапан, губернатор и коллекторы.
(перевод мой).