Английский язык | 10 - 11 классы
4. Переведите письменно текст и ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
This system of buying goods became very common during the first half of the twentieth century.
Today a large proportion of all the families in Great Britain buy furniture, household goods and cars by hire - purchase.
In the USA, the proportion is much higher than in Great Britain, and people there spent over 10 percent of income on hire - purchase installments.
The goods bought by hire - purchase are, in almost every case, goods that will last : radio and television sets, washing - machines, refrigerators, motor - cars and motor - cycles and articles of furniture.
The price of an article bought in this way is always higher than the price that would be paid for cash.
There is a charge of interest.
The buyer pays a proportion, perhaps one quarter or one - third of the price when the goods are delivered to him.
He then makes regular payment, weekly or monthly, until the full price has been paid.
Hire - purchase has advantages and disadvantages.
It helps newly - married couples with small incomes to furnish their homes.
It increases the demand for goods and, in this way, helps trade and employment.
If families are paying each month installments on such household goods as a washer and a car, they can spend less money (or perhaps no money) uselessly on too many alcoholic drinks.
1. What goods are usually bought by hire - purchase?
2. When do the goods become the property of the buyer?
3. What, in your opinion, are the advantages and disadvantages of hire - purchase.
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The population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is more than 57 million people.
It is mostly urban : nine tenth of it lives in towns and cities.
London, the largest city in Europe, dominates Britain.
It is home for the headquarters of all government departments, Parliament, the major legal institutions and the monarch.
It is the country's business and banking center and the center of its transport network.
It contains headquarters of the national television networks and of all the national newspapers.
It is about 7 times larger than any other city in the country.
About a fifth of the total population of [lie United Kingdom lives in the Greater London area.
Tin - country's second largest city is Birmingham.
During the industrial revolution, the city and the surrounding area of the west midlands, known as the Black country, developed into the country's major engineering center.
Factories of Birmingham still convert iron and steel into a vast variety of goods.
In northern England, there arc large deposits of coal and iron ore.
They enabled this area to lead the industrial revolution in the 18th century.
On the western side, the Manchester area became, in the 19th century, the world's leading producer of cotton goods.
On the eastern side, towns such as Bradford and Leeds became the world's leading producers of woolen goods.
Further south, Sheffield became a center for the production of steel goods.
Further north, around Newcastle, shipbuilding is the major industry.
Glasgow in Scotland is the third largest city in Britain.
It is associated with heavy industry and some of the worst housing conditions in Britain.
However, this image is one - sided.
Glasgow has a strong artistic heritage.
At the turn of the last century, the work of the Glasgow school put the city at the forefront of English design and architecture.
Edinburgh, which is half the size of Glasgow, is the city of science and is associated with science, law and administration.
This reputation, together with many historic buildings has led to its being called "The Athens of the North".
The annual festival of the arts is internationally famous.
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The free market allows individuals to produce goods and services without any government restrictions.
The command economy allows little individual economic freedom since1 most decisions are made by the government.
Between these two extremes lies the mixed economy.
In a mixed economy the government and private sector cooperate in solving economic problems.
The government controls production through taxation2 and orders for goods and services for the army, the force administration and other needs.
In a mixed economy the government may also be a producer of goods.
An example of this is the UKwhere there are nationalized industries such as railways and coal.
VII. Прочитайте текст и переведите письменно 2, 3 и 4 абзацы?
VII. Прочитайте текст и переведите письменно 2, 3 и 4 абзацы.
Demand and Supply Demand is the quantity of goods that wish to buy at each price.
Other things equal, at lot prices the demanded quantity is higher.
Supply is the quantity of goods that sellers wish to sell at each price.
Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.
The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers.
When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand (storage) raising the price.
At prices above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price.
There are some factors influencing demand for good, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others.
As consumer income is increased, demand for a normal good will also increase but demand for an inferior good will decrease.
A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise.
An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise.
As to supply, some factors are assumed as constant.
Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation.
An improvement in technology is as important for increasing the supplied quantity of good as a reduction in input prices.
Задайте к тексту 5 специальных вопросов, 5 общих вопросов, 3 альтернативных вопроса и 3 разделительных вопроса?
Задайте к тексту 5 специальных вопросов, 5 общих вопросов, 3 альтернативных вопроса и 3 разделительных вопроса.
Demand and Supply Demand is the quantity of goods that wish to buy at each price.
Other things equal, at lot prices the demanded quantity is higher.
Supply is the quantity of goods that sellers wish to sell at each price.
Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.
The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers.
When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand (storage) raising the price.
At prices above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price.
There are some factors influencing demand for good, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others.
As consumer income is increased, demand for a normal good will also increase but demand for an inferior good will decrease.
A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise.
An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise.
As to supply, some factors are assumed as constant.
Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation.
An improvement in technology is as important for increasing the supplied quantity of good as a reduction in input prices.
Переведите пожалуйста предложенияEconomics is the study of how society decides what, how, and for whom to produce?
Переведите пожалуйста предложения
Economics is the study of how society decides what, how, and for whom to produce.
2. The central economic problem for society is how to reconcile the con flict between people's limitless demand for goods and services and the resources which can be allocated for the production of these goods and services.
3. The market is the process by which individuals' decisions about con sumption of goods, firms' decisions about what and how to produce, the workers' decisions about how much and for whom to work are rec onciled by prices.
4. When resources are limited, they are allocated through the political pro cess.
In a country like Sweden with a strong government the level of production of social services maybe higher than the level of production of goods for individual consumption.
5. The world economy produces mostly for the people living in the indus trial countries.
6. In many countries there was a large dose of central regulation and planning.
7. Even the countries with free market economy still have high levels of government activity in the production of public goods and services and the regulation of markets.
8. All - round planning is not an easy task, and there is not any command econ omy that relies entirely on planning for all resources allocation decisions.
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INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY Every group of people must solve three basic problems of daily living : what goods and services to produce, how to produce these goods and services, and for whom to produce these goods and services.
Economics is the study of how society decides what, how, and for whom to produce.
By goods we mean physical commodities such as steel, cars, and strawberries.
By services we mean activities such as massages or live theatre performances which can be consumed or enjoyed only at the instant they are produced.
In exceptional circumstances, society may find that some of the questions about what, how, and for whom to produce have already been answered ; until the arrival of Man Friday, Robinson Crusoe need not worry about the 'for whom' question.
In general, however, society must answer all three questions.
By emphasizing the role of society, our definition places economics within the social sciences, the sciences that study and explain human behaviour.
The subject matter of economics is that part of human behaviour which relates to the production, exchange, and use of goods and services.
The central economic problem for society is how to reconcile the conflict between people's virtually limitless desires for goods and services, and the scarcity of resources (labour, machinery, and raw materials) with which these goods and services can be produced.
In answering the questions what, how, and for whom to produce, econo¬mics explains how scarce resources are allocated between competing claims on their use.
Because economics is about human behaviour, you may be surprised that we describe it as a science rather than a subject within the arts or humanities.
This reflects the way economists analyse problems, not the subject matter of economics.
Economists aim to develop theories of human behaviour and to test them against the facts.
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What are the opening hours , address and the phone number ?
Has it always sold its present goods ?
What departments has it got ?
What kids of foods clothing does it sell ?
What are the prices ?
Помогите перевести текст To have a glimpse in the working of the economy as a whole may be of use to a student of economics?
Помогите перевести текст To have a glimpse in the working of the economy as a whole may be of use to a student of economics.
In every economy there are lots of households to supply labour and capital to firms that use them to produce goods and services.
Firms provide incomes for households, who in turn[15] use this money to purchase the goods and services produced by firms.
This process is called the circular flow of payments[16].
The gross domestic product (GDP) is the total money value of all final goods produced in the domestic economy over a one - year period.
The GDP can be measured in three ways : (a) the sum of the value added in the production within a year, (b) the sum of incomes received from producing the year's output, (c) the sum to spend on the year's domestic output of goods and services.
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He sellers advised us that the goods were ready .
Shipment 2.
The Buyers will open.
Cable a Letter .
Credit .
Favour .
The Sellers.
Presentation .
The following documents.
3. The Buyer had the right to extend the period.
Validity .
The letter of Credit.
4. The payment .
The goods is to be made .
US dollars .
The full value.
The goods.
Presentation.
The Bank .
The shipping documents.
5. . the event.
Devaluation .
The US dollar both parties have the right to renegotiate the price .
The goods.
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Текст на экономическую тематику о предпринимательской деятельности и выставках.
At many exhibitions one can find stands and stalls selling all kinds of goods and exhibits to the willing visitors.
The messages to be conveyed by the exhibitions and the mottos under which they are held vary enormously, but the keynote remains : it is peace and progress through trade and economic cooperation.
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Эта система покупки товаров стали очень распространены в первой половине ХХ века.
Сегодня большая часть всех семей в Великой Британии купить мебель, товары для дома и авто по аренде с правом выкупа.
В США доля намного выше, чем в Великобритании, и люди там проработал более 10 процентов дохода в рассрочку рассрочку.
Товары, купленные по аренде с правом выкупа являются, почти в каждом случае, товаров, которая будет длиться : радиоприемники и телевизоры, стиральные машины, холодильники, легковые автомобили и мотоциклы и предметы мебели.
Цена предмета, купленных в этом случае всегда выше, чем цены, которые будут выплачены за наличный расчет.
Существует плата интереса.
Покупатель оплачивает долю, пожалуй, одна четверть или треть цены, когда товар доставляется к нему.
Затем он делает регулярные выплаты, еженедельно или ежемесячно, до полной цене не был оплачен.
Продажа в рассрочку имеет свои преимущества и недостатки.
Это помогает молодоженам с небольшими доходами отделке своих домов.
Это увеличивает спрос на товары и, таким образом, помогает торговли и занятости.
Если семьи платят каждый месяц рассрочки на такие товары, как бытовая стиральная машина и автомобиль, они могут тратить меньше денег (или, возможно, нет денег) бесполезно на себя слишком много алкогольных напитков.
1. Какие товары обычно покупаются по аренде с правом выкупа?
2. Когда товары становятся собственностью покупателя?
3. Что, на ваш взгляд, преимущества и недостатки аренды с правом выкупа.