Английский язык | 10 - 11 классы
Нужен перевод, только более менее адекватный и понятный)то есть желательно без переводчика ( THE MAGISTRATES The magistrates have always been important and local people, who can be relied on.
They are abpcinted by the Lord Chancellor in the name of the Queen.
What work do the magistrates do?
It is all criminal, save for a few little buts of civil law.
As for their criminal work, it comes auto both the two main sections into which our procedure divides the cases, vis : the small charges that can be and are disposed or in one court, the magistrates court, at one go, and the other more serious charges, called indictable because the come to trial before a superior court, before a jury, and are preceded by a formal accusation called an indictment, after previous investigation before the magistrates.
In England, minor cases are tried before the magistrates, before the magistrates, sitting without a jury (but with at least two magistrates), in courts which are held in nearly every town.
There are officially called «petty sessional courts» but normally «magistrates courts» or «police courts».
All minor cases are tried and disposed or by the untrained magistrates (with a right of appeal only to other magistrates in Quarter Sessions).
Nor are the magistrates confinec to the minor cases.
Every major case, which if it comes to tmal will be beard before a jury at either Quarter Sessions or at the Assizes or the Central Criminal Court, must start with the judicial enquiry, which takes the form of a public bearing or evidence before the magistrates.
STAGES OF CRIMINAL ACTIVITY.
As rule, premeditated criminal activity consists of several stages preparation, attempt and commission.
Preparation of a crime is the search for or adaptation of means or instruments, or any other premeditated creation of conditions for the commission of a crime.
Preparation of a crime is generally a punishable offence.
But in determining the penalty, the court must take into consideration the extent of the danger to society involved in the preparation, the degree to which the criminal intent has been put into effect, and the causes that prevented the full commission of the crime.
In casso where the person plotting a crime has not gone beyond the preparations, the court usually imposes a milder penalty or none at all.
An attempt is a premeditated act directly aimed at the commission of a crime but not completed for reasons not depending on the will of the guilty person.
An attempt is a punishable offence.
But in determining the penalty the court also take into considerations the character and the degree of the danger to society info vet in the act committed by the guilty person, the degree to which the criminal intent has been put into effect, and the causes that prevent the full commission or the crime.
A crime is considered as committed when the guilty person has performed the act constraining the corpus delicti of crime.
Desisting from completion of a crime is possible in the stages of preparation and attempt when a person having the possibility of completing the crime of his own free will abandons his criminal intent before its completion.
He is then responsible only if the act performed by him contains the corpus delicti of another crime.
Помогите, пожалуйста, сократить текст для пересказа?
Помогите, пожалуйста, сократить текст для пересказа.
The Russian Federation is a Presidential (or a constitutional) republic.
The President is the head of the state and is elected directly by the people.
In fact he has much power, he controls all the three branches of power.
The President can even dissolve the Duma if he doesn't agree with his suggestions three times running.
The President has his administration, but it's not part of the Federal Government.
The President is involved in the work of the legislative and executive branches.
The Federal Assembly represents the Legislative branch of power.
It's made up of the two houses : the Federation Counsel and the State Duma, which make laws.
The Federal Assembly is also called the Parliament, but it's not its official name.
Both chambers are headed by chairmen sometimes called speakers.
The Duma consists of 450 deputies (one half is elected personally by the population, and the other half consists of the deputies who are appointed by their parties after voting).
The members of the Federation Counsel are elected on a different basis.
There are two representatives of each subject of the RF (89 subjects).
Every law to be adapted must be approved by the State Duma, the Counsel of Federation and signed by the President.
The President can veto laws passed by the Federal Assembly, but it can pass laws over the President's veto a two - thirds majority.
The Federal Government represents the executive branch of power.
The President appoints its head, the Chainman of the Government, but the Dums must approve his appointment.
The juridical branch of power consists of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and lower Courts.
The responsibility of the Constitutional Court is to analyze the new laws to make sure they correspond to the laws of the state.
The Constitutional Court has the right to declare actions of the President, the Federal Assembly and the Federal Government unconstitutional.
The Supreme Court is the highest instance for civil and criminal cases.
Помогите перевести текст очень срочно In some countries such as France (where there are 9 jurors), the judgesand jurors decide the case together?
Помогите перевести текст очень срочно In some countries such as France (where there are 9 jurors), the judgesand jurors decide the case together.
In the United States juries decide if the defendant is guilty but sometimes also have a say in what punishment he should receive.
Before World War II, Japan also had a jury system, but it was often criticized for the ease with which jurors could be bribed.
Now Japan, like South Korea, is a rare example of a modern industrialized country where jurors are not used : all decisions are made by professional judges.
Most countries have special rules for young defendants.
Children under ten cannot stand trial at all under English law.
Juveniles (those under seventeen) are dealt with in special Magistrates Courts known as Juvenile Courts.
A defendant found guilty by the magistrates may appeal against the finding or against the punishment to the local Crown Court, and the CrownСourt judge will hear the appealwithout a jury.
If a defendant has good reason to believe the magistrates have made a mistake about a point of law, then he may appeal to the High Court.
The appeal system is mostly for the benefit of the defendant, but there are cases of the prosecution successfully appealing for a more severepunishment.
In Japan it is even possible for the prosecution to appeal that a non - guilty decision be changed to guilty.
Appeals from the Crown Court go first to the High Court and, in special cases, to the Court of Appeal.
Occasionally, a case is carried through this system of appeal all the way to the House of Lords.
In many countries, such as Japan and United States, the highest juridical decisions are made by a Supreme Court.
Its members are appointed from the lower courts by the government.
Making a law and Judiciary Every year Parliament passes about 100 laws directly by making Acts of Parliament?
Making a law and Judiciary Every year Parliament passes about 100 laws directly by making Acts of Parliament.
Parliament sometimes passes a very general law and leaves a minister to fill in the details.
Using the powers given to them by Parliament, ministers become lawmakers themselves.
No new law can be made by Parliament unless it has completed number of stages in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
The Queen also has to sign a bill to show that it has been given the Royal Assent.
Only after the Royal Assent it becomes a new law or Act of Parliament.
Before this it is called Bill.
Bills can begin in the House of Lords or the House of Commons.
There are two main sorts of Bills : Private Bill and Public Bill.
Private Bills deal with local matters and individuals.
Public Bills deal with matters of public importance.
Important Bills are usually sponsored by the Government.
The first stage of lawmaking is called First Reading.
It gives MPs notice that the Bill will soon be coming for discussion.
Then the next stage comes– Second Reading.
Here the main purpose of the Bill is explained by the Minister and the Bill is debated by the House.
The house then votes to decide if the Bill should continue its passage through Parliament.
The Bill continues to its Committee Stage where 18 Members from both Government and Opposition discuss it in detail, considering many possible changes (amendments).
This is followed by Report Stage when the committee reports back to the rest of the House.
At the Third Reading stage, the House decided to pass the Bill as a whole.
The Bill cannot be changed at this stage – it is either accepted or rejected.
Once a Bill has passed its Third Reading in the Commons, one of the Clerks at the Table carries it to the House of Lords.
The House of Lords has the job of reviewing Bills received from the Commons.
It makes changes to Commons Bills.
Once both Houses have passed a Bill, then it has to go to the Queen for the Royal Assent.
After receiving the Royal Assent the Bill becomes an Act of Parliament.
As for judiciary there are two courts of trial and two courts of appeal for criminal proceedings in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
The courts of trial are the Magistrates’ Court and the Crown Court, and the courts of appeal are the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords.
The Magistrates’ Court is the lower court of trial.
It deals with summary offences.
More serious criminal cases (indictable offences) then go to the Crown Court.
Civil cases are dealt with in County courts.
Magistrates’ Courts have limited powers of penalty but may commit a convicted offender to the Crown Court if it is considered that the powers of the Magistrates’ Court are insufficient.
Approximately 95% of all prosecutions are dealt with in the Magistrates’ Courts.
Juvenile Courts are composed of specially trained magistrates.
They try most charges against children and young persons under the age of 18 years.
The Crown Court is the senior court of trial for criminal offences.
The courts are established at various centers throughout the country.
The courts are presided over by a High Court Judge, Circuit Judge or Recorder who sits with a jury.
The Crown Court may also hear appeals against conviction and \ or sentence for some offences dealt with at the Magistrates’ Court.
The Court of Appeal hears appeals from criminal cases heard in the Crown Courts.
The House of Lords is the most senior and final court of appeal.
Civil proceedings consist of litigation about property, family matters and actions to obtain financial redress for damage to property and personal injury.
The courts of trial for such litigation are the County Court and the High Court if Justice.
County Courts are local courts and are presided over by a single Judge.
The High Court of Justice is situated in London.
Some cases before the High Court of Justice may be heard before a Jury.
Переведите следующие предложения, используя пассивную конструкцию : The criminal is identified ; the suspect was traced and located ; the facts are gathered for court presentation, the division of the?
Переведите следующие предложения, используя пассивную конструкцию : The criminal is identified ; the suspect was traced and located ; the facts are gathered for court presentation, the division of the investigation into three phases is made for convenience of discussion, the same evidence is often used for three objectives, the criminal was identified as the perpetrator of the criminal acts, the identity of the criminal has been discovered through his confession, the guilt of the accused has been proved, the defendant was identified and associated with the crime scene : the facts are being established with the help of the witnesses.
Переведите предложения ?
Переведите предложения .
The Royal Commission on the Police listed eight main functions of the contemporary police force : to maintain law and order and to protect persons and their property, to prevent crime, to detect criminals, to decide whether to prosecute, to perform road traffic duties, to be friend the public.
About a quarter of the police strength of the country is in the Metropolitan Police of London which is responsible for the area of 788 square miles (excluding the city of London).
The Home Secretary in England and Wales and the Secretary of State for Scotland and Northern Ireland are concerned with the organization of the police service.
The decision to commence criminal proceedings in England and Wales is, in most cases, made entirely by the police.
In practice the police bring about 97% of all criminal cases to court.
Opinion polls show that the majority of the public sympathize with the police.
Помогите пожалуйста?
Помогите пожалуйста!
Очень срочно надо.
Task V.
Translate the passive constructions : The criminal is identified.
The guilt of the accused has been proved.
The defendant was associated with the crime.
The facts are being established with the help of the witness.
The suspect will be arrested tomorrow.
Task VI.
Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice, use the same tense : The police devotes a great part of work to finding missing and wanted persons.
The investigating officers have proved the guilt of the suspect.
The witnesses presented sufficient physical evidence.
The police is looking for a suspect.
They proved the connection of the criminal with the offense.
Task VII.
Compose a sentence in the Passive using the following words : 1.
To identify, fingerprints, yesterday 2.
Proofs, the crime scene, on, usually, to find 3.
The court, to establish, of the crime, the fact 4.
Of, the accused, to prove, already, the guilt.
Переведите пожалуйста, очень нужно The objective of the criminal law is to protect the community?
Переведите пожалуйста, очень нужно The objective of the criminal law is to protect the community.
There are several different types of crimes.
For example, there are offences against the person such as assault ; offences against property such as theft ; and offences against public order such as riot.
Civil cases are cases taken by individual people or businesses in order to claim or enforce a right.
There are different types of civil cases.
For example, there may be a breach of contract or there may be a claim for damage done through the negligence of another person (this is known as a civil wrong or tort).
Usually the person making the claim wants money to compensate for what has happened.
However, there are other special remedies which can be given.
In civil cases the main purpose is to investigate disputes between the parties and decide whether the defendant is liable to pay compensation.
There is no punishment involved.
Civil law is generally compensatory.
Civil proceedings, as a private matter, can be ended by settlement between the parties at any time.
Actions brought to the court are usually tried without a jury.
Higher courts deal with more complicated civil cases.
Most judgments are for sums of money and the costs of the prosecution are generally paid by the party losing it.
The name of the case will usually tell you if the case is criminal or civil.
The letter "R" stands for Rex (which means King) or Regina (which means Queen), showing that the case has been started by the State.
The small letter "v" between the names means "versus" (against).
In the civil cases the surname of the person starting the case is given first, then the surname of the person he is suing (taking the case against).
If a company is involved in a case, then the company's name is used.
In Anglo - American law, the party bringing a criminal action (in most cases it is the state) is called the prosecution.
The legal term for the person starting the civil case is the claimant (previously plaintiff).
In both kinds of action the other party is known as the defendant.
Another important difference between civil and criminal cases is what is called the burden of proof or the standard to which the case has to be proved.
In criminal cases this standard is a high one, beyond reasonable doubt, since a conviction could result in the defendant going to prison for a long time (or, in some countries, executed).
In civil cases the standard is lower, on the balance of probabilities.
This is because the judge has to decide for one party or the other and so he considers all the evidence and gives judgment for the party which he thinks is most probably right.
Sometimes one action can be in breach of two types of law.
This gives rise to what is known as double liability.
It means that two separate court cases may take place.
Double liability can occur wherever there is a crime and, in the course of this crime, an individual's rights were affected.
It most often hap pens where there is a road traffic offence (involving criminal law) and someone is injured as a result so that he or she wants to claim damages (under the law of torts).
Сделайте пожалуйста нормальный перевод The third branch of the government is judicial?
Сделайте пожалуйста нормальный перевод The third branch of the government is judicial.
The Supreme Court is the highest judicial organ of the U.
S. It sits in the Supreme Court Building in Washington.
The words «Equal Justice Under Law» are written above the main entrance of the building.
The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice (главный судья) of the USA and eight Associate Justices.
They are all appointed by the President and approved by the Senate.
The Supreme Court has the right to declare unconstitutional any law passed by the Congress or any other issued by the President.
The right of veto is widely used.
The USA is divided into eleven judicial circuits and each one is served with a Federal Court of Appeals.
There are about ninety district courts in different parts of the country.
The district courts are the lowest ones in the Federal Court system.
Most of the criminal and civil cases are tried by these courts.
In the district court where trials are held, juries are used and witnesses are called.
Cases tried in the district court may be appealed in one of the eleven Courts of Appeal and in the Supreme Court.
The decision of the Supreme Court is final.
In the US the judiciary is divided into the federal and state judiciary.
Jurisdiction of particular courts or judges is.
Complete the sentences with these verbs in the correct form?
Complete the sentences with these verbs in the correct form.
* investigate.
* give.
* find.
* commit.
* sentence.
1. In court this morning, the witness .
Evidence against the woman charged with stealing $2m.
2. The judge will .
The man in court next week.
3. Reports say that a criminal .
A crime somewhere in the country every six minutes.
4. After ten hours of discussion, the jury .
The woman not guilty.
5. The detective who is .
The crime made a statement on TV this afternoon.
Помогите с переводом пожалуйста The main parts ofthe human body are the head, the trunk, the upper and the lower extremities or limbs?
Помогите с переводом пожалуйста The main parts ofthe human body are the head, the trunk, the upper and the lower extremities or limbs.
The head is connected with the trunk with the neck.
The head is formed by the back part, the crown and the face.
The upper part of the face is formed by the forehead and the temples.
Below there are the eyes, the nose, the cheeks, the mouth and the chin.
On both sides of the head there are the ears.
The eye is composed of the eyeball and the pupil.
The eyebrows, lashes and the lids protect theeyes.
The oral cavity contains the teeth which are set in the gums, the tongue, the hard and the soft palate, the tonsils and the throat.
The margins of the mouth are the lips.
The jaws form the framework of the mouth.
[ рис 3 ] The organs of senses are the eyes, the ears, the nose, the skin and the tongue.
We see with our eyes.
We hear with our ears.
We smell with our nose.
We taste with our tongue.
We touch with our skin.
The parts of the trunk are the breast, the waist, the abdomen, the back, the buttocks and the genitals.
In the thoracic cavity there are the respiratory, the circulatory and the digestive organs.
The main organs ofrespiration are the nasal cavity, the pharynx, the larynx, the trachea, the bronchi, the lungs and the diaphragm.
We breath with our lungs.
The circulatory system comprises the heart and the blood vessels - the arteries, the veins and the capillaries.
The heart pumps blood to various parts of the body.
The organs of digestion are contained in the oral cavity, in the thoracic cavity and in the abdominal cavity.
Digestion begins in the mouth.
From the mouth food passes in to the esophagus which is in the thoracic cavity.
Through the esophagus food passes into the stomach and the intestines where it is further digested.
The liver, spleen and the gallbladder also take part in the process of digestion.
The main excretory organs are the kidneys, the ureters, the urethra and the urinary bladder.
The organs of excretion excrete waste products.
The body is coveredwith the skin.
The back and the top of the head are covered with hair.
At the finger - tips there are the nails.
The nervous systemconsists of nerves, the brain and the medulla.
The osseous system consists of bones which support the body.
Their places of articulation are called the joints.
The muscular system consists of muscles which contract and move the limbs.
The main bones which form the skeleton are the skull, the vertebral column which consists of vertebrae, the ribs, the scapulae, the clavicles and the sternum which form the thoracic cavity, and the pelvic bones.
The humerus, the ulna, the radius are the bones which form the upper limbs.
The femur, the tibia and the fibula are bones which form the lower extremities.
The main glands ofthe human body are the secretory glands, such as the thyroid, the pancreas, the suprarenal and the salivary glands.
The excretory glands are the sweat glands, the adipose glands and the lacrimal glands.
The arm is formed by the shoulder, the upper arm, the elbow and the forearm.
The hand consists of the wrist, the palm, the fingers and the thumb.
The leg is formed by the hip, the thigh, the knee, the shank, the calf, the ankle.
The foot consists of the heel, the sole and the toes.
The substance which forms the human body consists of cells, fibers and tissues.
На этой странице сайта вы найдете ответы на вопрос Нужен перевод, только более менее адекватный и понятный)то есть желательно без переводчика ( THE MAGISTRATES The magistrates have always been important and local people, who can be relied on?, относящийся к категории Английский язык. Сложность вопроса соответствует базовым знаниям учеников 10 - 11 классов. Для получения дополнительной информации найдите другие вопросы, относящимися к данной тематике, с помощью поисковой системы. Или сформулируйте новый вопрос: нажмите кнопку вверху страницы, и задайте нужный запрос с помощью ключевых слов, отвечающих вашим критериям. Общайтесь с посетителями страницы, обсуждайте тему. Возможно, их ответы помогут найти нужную информацию.
МАГИСТРАТЫ
Магистраты всегда были важны и местные люди, на которых можно положиться.
Они abpcinted Лорд - канцлер во имя королевы.
Какая работа магистраты делать?
Это все уголовные, за исключением нескольких маленьких буц гражданского права.
Как для своей преступной работы, она приходит авто как два основных раздела, в который наша процедура делит случаях vis : на мелкие расходы, которые могут быть и выбытии или в одном суде, магистратского суда, на одном дыхании, и другие, более серьезные обвинения, называется наказуемыми, поскольку суд, перед высшим судом, перед жюри, и предшествует официальное обвинение называется обвинительное заключение, после предыдущего расследования до магистратуры.
В Англии, незначительных случаях проверяются перед воеводой, до судьи, без присяжных (но не менее двух магистратов), в судах, которые проводятся практически в каждом городе.
Существует официально называется «мелкое сессионных судов», но, как правило, «мировых судей» или «полицейские суды».
Все мелкие дела рассматриваются и утилизировать или неопытного магистратов (с правом обжалования только для других магистратов в квартал заседаний).
Ни магистраты confinec в незначительных случаях.
В каждом крупном случае, если дело доходит до tmal будет борода перед жюри, либо квартал сессий или на выездной сессии суда присяжных или Центрального уголовного суда должна начинаться с судебной экспертизы, которое принимает форму общественного подшипник или доказательств перед магистратами.
ЭТАПЫ ПРЕСТУПНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ.
Как правило, умышленное преступной деятельности состоит из нескольких этапов приготовления, покушения и комиссии.
Подготовке преступления является поиск или приспособление средств или орудий, или любое другое умышленное создание условий для совершения преступления.
Приготовление к преступлению - это вообще уголовно наказуемое деяние.
Но при определении наказания суд должен учитывать степень опасности для общества, участвующих в подготовке, степень, в которой преступный умысел был введен в действие, и причины, которые препятствовали полному совершения преступления.
В casso, где человек замышляет преступление, не ушел дальше препаратов, суд обычно устанавливает более мягкое наказание или вообще ни одной.
Покушение - умышленные действия непосредственно направленные на совершение преступления, но не были завершены по причинам, не зависящим от воли виновного.
Попытка является уголовно наказуемым преступлением.
Но при определении наказания суд также принимает во внимание характер и степень общественной опасности info ветеринар в деяние, совершенное виновным лицом, степень, в которой преступный умысел был введен в действие, и причины, которые препятствуют полной комиссия или преступления.
Преступление считается совершенным, когда виновное лицо, совершившее деяние, сдерживающие состава преступления.
Воздержание от завершения преступления возможен на стадии приготовления и покушения, когда лицо, имея возможность завершить преступление по собственной воле откажется от своего преступного умысла до его завершения.
Он отвечает, только если действовать в его исполнении содержит состава иного преступления.