Английский язык | 5 - 9 классы
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In a very seperate stream of their own, often segregated from the age of five or six , are the childrer at the independent or " public" schools, which for the past three decades have been the cause of more controversy than any other British institution.
Most public schools were founded in Victorian times, partly to provide recruits for the empire and the army.
Most of the boarding schools were sit up in the railway age, far from the main centres of population , so that the boys spent eight months a year for five years in the exclusive company of other boys.
The introverted society thus created , provided an experience from which many public schools boys never recovered , and the boarding system has been blamed for most of their subseguent failings - their veneration for authority, their obsession with tradition, their frustrated sex lives.
It is changing.
Nowadays mothers are reluctant to part with their children so early and the numbers of boarding preparatory schools have decreased and many of them now take day pupils only.
All age groups , particularly girls , are moving away from boarding education.
The public schools are nowadays less obviously different from the top grammar schools in their tasks and value - system ; they are less obsessed by team - spirit and character building , and more concerned with examinations and universities.
But they still give their pupils a very special sense or their mossion and confidence.
The public schools have certainly , in the last decade, become much less isolated.
Some are even going co - educational : they allow girls into the sixth form.
Most schools have abolished fagging and flogging of younger boys by older ones.
The most assured schools are not now fussy over long hair, wild clothes or voices - many public schoolboys now deliberately react against the " public eccent" which used to be one of their chief weapons in the outside world.
The public schools have become less philistine and less classical.
Art is no longer regarded as pansy and many schools have set up expensive art centres, greatly expanded their science sides - helped by special investment funds from big companies.
Business has become respectable and some boys play the chartered accountants business games with computers against other schools .
The days are long and the nights are short?
The days are long and the nights are short.
The children are happy.
They play games in the parks, in the streets, in the woods.
Birds sing their spring songs.
Срочно перевод.
ПРОСТО ПЕРЕВЕСТИ?
ПРОСТО ПЕРЕВЕСТИ!
From the end of the World War II the state in the United Kingdom provides a full range of free educational facilities.
Firstly, there is no prescribed curriculum.
In each area Local Education Authority is responsible for education.
At any publicly - maintained school no tuition fees are paid.
State schooling in the United Kingdom is financed partly by the Government and partly by local rates.
Schooling is voluntary under the age of five, but there is some free nursery school education before that age.
At this exam they were selected, or “streamed” according to their current level of academic attainment, for training in different types of secondary schools.
Grammar schools provided a mainly academic course for the top 20 percent ; modern schools provided general education with a practical bias.
In 1965 non - selective comprehensive schools were introduced.
IMost local education authorities have now completely changed over to comprehensive schooling.
At the age of sixteen pupils take school - leaving examinations in several subjects at the Ordinary level.
Pupils of comprehensive school had taken the examination called the Certificate of Secondary Education either with or instead of the General Certificate of Education, Ordinary level.
The examination for the General Certificate of Education of Advanced (“A”) level was taken two years after the Ordinary level exam.
The exam was conducted by eight independent examining boards, most of them connected with the university.
The most expensive day or boarding schools in Britain are exclusive public schools like Eton college for boys or St.
James’ school for girl.
. There are about 2500 fee - charging independent schools in Great Britain.
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THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
The system of education in any country is aimed at developing a personality for the good of the individual and society as a whole.
Pre - school education in England begins at the age of 3 or 4.
Around half of the children at this age attend nursery schools or playgroups mostly organised by parents.
Children of thi s age need care as well as education.
That's why kids play a lot, learn to listen attentively and to behave.
Compulsory primary education begins at the age of five in England, Wales and Scotland and at four in Northern Ireland.
Children start their school career in an infant school.
Lessons start at 9 a.
M. and are over at 4 p.
M. They are taught «3 R's» : Reading, wRiting, aRithtnetic.
Pupils have a lot of fun at school, drawing, reading, dancing or singing.
When they are 7 pupils move to a junior school, which lasts four years till they are 11.
They study a lot of subjects : English, Mathematics, Science, History, Geography along with Technology, Music, Art and Physical education
Most of children (over 90 per cent) go to state schools where education is free.
Only a small proportion of them attend private (Public) or independent schools.
Parents have to pay for the education at these schools.
The fees are high and only some families can afford it.
So such schools are for the representatives of the high class of England.
The most notable Public schools are Eton, Harrow,
Winchester, Rugby.
Secondary education begins at 11.
The majority of secondary schools are Comprehensive schools where boys and girls study together.
Besides, parents can take their
sons and daughters to Grammar schools or Secondary Modern schools.
Grammar schools provide an academic course from 11 to 18.
They prepare pupils for colleges and universities.
Many children of working class families go to Modern schools.
They give a very limited education.
Pupils get instruction in woodwork, metalwork, sewing, shorthand, typing and cooking.
After finishing such a school a pupil becomes an unskilled worker.
The Comprehensive Schools have their own "Gramar school" classes and "Modern classes"
Every pupil has to choose a set of subjects to learn.
If he takes up Art he will study English Literature, Music, Art, Drama and foreign languages.
If he is good at exact and natural sciences, he will learn Science : Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, Economics
and Technical Drawing.
The British government encourages careers education in the country.
That's why secondary schools try to break down the barriers between education and business.
They set up close links with firms to allow their students to take part in business activities.
At around 16 years old teenagers take some exams and coursework to get General Certificate of Education.
Those who choose to stay on at school usually study for two
further years to pass A level (Advanced level) exams.
These exams will give them a chance to enter the
university.
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In Russia schooling begins at the (1) a.
Of six or seven.
In most schools
parents do not (2) p.
For their children.
These state schools are (3) f.
. Secondary (4) e.
Begins at the age of ten.
Secondary school pupils do
different (5) s.
S : Russian, maths, Russian literature, physics, art,
music, modern languages — English, French or German.
Classes are not
very long — about forty - five minutes.
In most schools pupils have to
wear (6) u.
S. They are of different colours.
Girls usually wear skirts,
blouses and jackets, boys usually wear suits and shirts.
Pupils go to school five or six days a week.
If they have classes on Saturdays, they usually have five lessons every day, sometimes six.
Classes
start at half past eight in the morning.
There are ten or fifteen minute
(7) b.
S after every lesson and a longer lunch (8) b.
. Classes are over
at two or three o’clock in the afternoon.
The Russian school year usually has three or four (9) t.
S. School -
children have holidays in all the seasons — in autumn, winter, spring
and summer.
The summer holidays are the longest.
The quality of a country’s future life, commercially, industrially and intellectually, depends on the quality of its education system?
The quality of a country’s future life, commercially, industrially and intellectually, depends on the quality of its education system.
From the end of the World War II the state in the United Kingdom provides a full range of free educational facilities.
Those parents who prefer to send their children to private institutions, and could afford it, are free to do so.
The organization of state schooling is not as centralized as in most European countries.
Firstly, there is no prescribed curriculum.
Secondly, the types of school available and the age ranges for which they cater vary in different parts of the country.
In each area Local Education Authority is responsible for education.
At any publicly - maintained school no tuition fees are paid.
State schooling in the United Kingdom is financed partly by the Government and partly by local rates.
Schooling is voluntary under the age of five, but there is some free nursery school education before that age.
Primary education takes place in infant schools for pupils aged from five to seven and junior schools from eight to eleven .
Some areas have a different system in which middle schools replace junior schools and take pupils aged from nine to twelve.
Secondary education has been available in Britain since 1944.
It is compulsory up to the age of sixteen, and pupils can stay at school voluntarily for up to three years longer.
Until 1964 children took an “eleven plus” exam at the age of eleven.
At this exam they were selected, or “streamed” according to their current level of academic attainment, for training in different types of secondary schools.
Grammar schools provided a mainly academic course for the top 20 percent ; modern schools provided general education with a practical bias.
In 1965 non - selective comprehensive schools were introduced.
Most local education authorities have now completely changed over to comprehensive schooling.
At the age of sixteen pupils take school - leaving examinations in several subjects at the Ordinary level.
The exam was conducted by eight independent examining boards, most of them connected with the university.
This exam was called the General Certificate of Education.
Pupils of comprehensive school had taken the examination called the Certificate of Secondary Education either with or instead of the General Certificate of Education, Ordinary level.
The examination for the General Certificate of Education of Advanced (“A”) level was taken two years after the Ordinary level exam.
It was the standard for entrance to University and to many forms of professional training.
In 1988 both examinations were replaced by the more or less uniform General Certificate of Secondary Education.
The private sector is running parallel to the state system of education.
There are about 2500 fee - charging independent schools in Great Britain.
Most private schools are single - sex until the age of 16.
More and more parents seem prepared to take on the formidable extra cost for education.
The reason is the belief that social advantages are gained from attending a certain school.
The most expensive day or boarding schools in Britain are exclusive public schools like Eton college for boys or St.
James’ school for girl.
Answer the questions :
1.
What is State schooling in the United Kingdom characterized by?
2. When do they start education in Britain?
3. What are the stages of schooling in the United Kingdom?
4. Is secondary education selective or non - selective in Britain?
5. According to what principles were children streamed until 1965?
6. What are the recent government measures in the sphere of education?
7. What kind of school - leaving exams do children take at schools in Britain?
The pupils in the playground before ?
The pupils in the playground before .
When they are in .
Many of the girls take off their
blouses and skirts.
Before classes.
Pupils dont always wear their .
In class.
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In Great Britain school begins at the age of 5.
At the age of 5 primary school children go to infant schools or infant classes where they spend two years till they are 11.
In infant schools they spend much time outdoors.
They play different games, run and jump.
They sing song, dance and play a lot.
Infant pupils learn how to get on with other pupils.
Their classes are informal but they learn how to read, count and write a little too.
When children are seven they go to junior schools where they spend four years till they are 11.
Junior schools are real schools.
The atmosphere is more formal in junior classes that in infant classes.
Their subjects are : English, Maths, History, nature study, Geography, Art, and Music, swimming, P.
E. and Religion
But children spend a lot of time outdoors.
They visit different museums and other famous and interesting places.
In some primary schools children wear uniforms but in any primary schools they don't.
So in England children spend six years in primary school.
When pupils are 11 or a little older they go to secondary school where they study until they are 16.
English children have classes five days a week : on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.
Saturday and Sunday are their days off.
In England the school year begins on the first Tuesday of September.
Most British schools are mixed and free.
Many boys and girls usually leave school when they are sixteen.
If they want to go to university they study in the sixth form for two more years.
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The use of mobile phones and video games machines is prohibited in most UK schools and some do not allow pupils to bring them through the gates.
Others allow pupils to carry phones if they do not use them during the school day, and most expect electronic equipment to be put away at the start of each lesson.
Schools are afraid that phones could be lost or stolen and that pupils will interrupt lessons.
Schools also worry about misuse of the technology and point to several cases of videos of teachers being placed on the Internet and of pupils bullying by text messages.
Modern mobiles are so small that children can use them under their desks to text each other instead of concentrating on the lesson.
But one head teacher thinks that prohibiting mobile phones in schools is wrong.
He thinks that schools should be making the most of modern technology.
He gives the example of a student who used his phone to take a photo of the homework written on the board instead of copying it into his book.
The phone was taken away from the pupil.
This particular head teacher thinks that this is a mistake and claims that it is more important for pupils to use the latest technology than learn dates in history.
In his opinion, we should use in class the good things that mobile phones can offer audio and video technology and access to the Internet.
In some schools, children have been given handheld computers with phone and Internet access to use in lessons.
In these schools, teachers have reported very little misuse.
The students see the smart phones as something useful for class and homework and so they look after them.
Education in Scotland1?
Education in Scotland
1.
I n Scotland, education is supervised by the Scottish Education Department and administered by the education committees of the regional authorities.
Unlike the English system, independent “public school” play only a minor role in Scottish education.
The number of state nursery schools, though increasing, remains insufficient ; private schools and play groups help to fill the gap.
School is compulsory to age 16.
Teachers receive their professional training in colleges of education.
2. Since 1960 the number of universities has increased from four to eight.
Of the original four, St.
Andrews, ]the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow and the Heriot - Walt University in Edinburgh, formerly technological colleges, were upgraded to universities, retaining their scientific and technological emphasis.
3. The University of Dundee was separated from the University of St.
Andrews, which had some departments in Dundee.
The University of Stirling, the only completely new institution, was opened in 1967.
The new universities do not teach law and divinity but place most emphasis on science and technology and have close links with science - based industries in their neighborhoods.
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In a very seperate stream of their own, often segregated from the age of five or six , are the childrer at the independent or " public" schools, which for the past three decades have been the cause of more controversy than any other British institution.
Most public schools were founded in Victorian times, partly to provide recruits for the empire and the army.
Most of the boarding schools were sit up in the railway age, far from the main centres of population , so that the boys spent eight months a year for five years in the exclusive company of other boys.
The introverted society thus created , provided an experience from which many public schools boys never recovered , and the boarding system has been blamed for most of their subseguent failings - their veneration for authority, their obsession with tradition, their frustrated sex lives.
It is changing.
Nowadays mothers are reluctant to part with their children so early and the numbers of boarding preparatory schools have decreased and many of them now take day pupils only.
All age groups , particularly girls , are moving away from boarding education.
The public schools are nowadays less obviously different from the top grammar schools in their tasks and value - system ; they are less obsessed by team - spirit and character building , and more concerned with examinations and universities.
But they still give their pupils a very special sense or their mossion and confidence.
The public schools have certainly , in the last decade, become much less isolated.
Some are even going co - educational : they allow girls into the sixth form.
Most schools have abolished fagging and flogging of younger boys by older ones.
The most assured schools are not now fussy over long hair, wild clothes or voices - many public schoolboys now deliberately react against the " public eccent" which used to be one of their chief weapons in the outside world.
The public schools have become less philistine and less classical.
Art is no longer regarded as pansy and many schools have set up expensive art centres, greatly expanded their science sides - helped by special investment funds from big companies.
Business has become respectable and some boys play the chartered accountants business games with computers against other schools .
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В отдельном собственном потоке, который часто отделяется от пяти или шести лет, являются детьми в независимых или «общественных» школах, которые в течение последних трех десятилетий были причиной большего разногласия, чем любое другое британское учреждение.
Большинство государственных школ были основаны в викторианские времена, отчасти для того, чтобы обеспечить новобранцев для империи и армии.
Большинство школ - интернатов сидели в железнодорожном возрасте, вдали от основных центров населения, так что мальчики восемь лет подряд проводили в течение пяти лет в эксклюзивной компании других мальчиков.
Таким образом, созданное интровертированное общество обеспечило опыт, с которым многие мальчики из государственных школ никогда не оправлялись, и система посадки была обвинена в большинстве недостатков их подсетей - их поклонение авторитету, их одержимость традицией, их расстроенная сексуальная жизнь.
Он меняется.
В настоящее время мамы не хотят расставаться со своими детьми так рано, а количество подготовительных школ для интернатов уменьшилось, и многие из них теперь получают только дневных учеников.
Все возрастные группы, особенно девочки, уходят от интерната.
Государственные школы в настоящее время менее очевидно отличаются от лучших гимназий в своих задачах и системе ценностей ; они менее одержимы командованием и созданием персонажа, а также занимаются экзаменами и университетами.
Но они все еще дают своим ученикам особый смысл, их мессию и уверенность.
Государственные школы, безусловно, в последнее десятилетие стали гораздо менее изолированными.
Некоторые даже идут на совместное обучение : они разрешают девочкам в шестой форме.
Большинство школ отменили усталость и порку младших мальчиков старшими.
Самые уверенные школы теперь не суетливы над длинными волосами, дикой одеждой или голосами - многие публичные школьники теперь сознательно реагируют на «публичный эксцентрик», который раньше был одним из их главных видов оружия во внешнем мире.
Общественные школы стали менее обывательскими и менее классическими.
Искусство больше не рассматривается как анютины глазки, и многие школы создали дорогие арт - центры, значительно расширили свои научные стороны, чему способствовали специальные инвестиционные фонды крупных компаний.
Бизнес стал респектабельным, а некоторые мальчики играют в бизнес - игры наемных бухгалтеров с компьютерами против других школ.