Английский язык | 10 - 11 классы
The quality of a country’s future life, commercially, industrially and intellectually, depends on the quality of its education system.
From the end of the World War II the state in the United Kingdom provides a full range of free educational facilities.
Those parents who prefer to send their children to private institutions, and could afford it, are free to do so.
The organization of state schooling is not as centralized as in most European countries.
Firstly, there is no prescribed curriculum.
Secondly, the types of school available and the age ranges for which they cater vary in different parts of the country.
In each area Local Education Authority is responsible for education.
At any publicly - maintained school no tuition fees are paid.
State schooling in the United Kingdom is financed partly by the Government and partly by local rates.
Schooling is voluntary under the age of five, but there is some free nursery school education before that age.
Primary education takes place in infant schools for pupils aged from five to seven and junior schools from eight to eleven .
Some areas have a different system in which middle schools replace junior schools and take pupils aged from nine to twelve.
Secondary education has been available in Britain since 1944.
It is compulsory up to the age of sixteen, and pupils can stay at school voluntarily for up to three years longer.
Until 1964 children took an “eleven plus” exam at the age of eleven.
At this exam they were selected, or “streamed” according to their current level of academic attainment, for training in different types of secondary schools.
Grammar schools provided a mainly academic course for the top 20 percent ; modern schools provided general education with a practical bias.
In 1965 non - selective comprehensive schools were introduced.
Most local education authorities have now completely changed over to comprehensive schooling.
At the age of sixteen pupils take school - leaving examinations in several subjects at the Ordinary level.
The exam was conducted by eight independent examining boards, most of them connected with the university.
This exam was called the General Certificate of Education.
Pupils of comprehensive school had taken the examination called the Certificate of Secondary Education either with or instead of the General Certificate of Education, Ordinary level.
The examination for the General Certificate of Education of Advanced (“A”) level was taken two years after the Ordinary level exam.
It was the standard for entrance to University and to many forms of professional training.
In 1988 both examinations were replaced by the more or less uniform General Certificate of Secondary Education.
The private sector is running parallel to the state system of education.
There are about 2500 fee - charging independent schools in Great Britain.
Most private schools are single - sex until the age of 16.
More and more parents seem prepared to take on the formidable extra cost for education.
The reason is the belief that social advantages are gained from attending a certain school.
The most expensive day or boarding schools in Britain are exclusive public schools like Eton college for boys or St.
James’ school for girl.
Answer the questions :
1.
What is State schooling in the United Kingdom characterized by?
2. When do they start education in Britain?
3. What are the stages of schooling in the United Kingdom?
4. Is secondary education selective or non - selective in Britain?
5. According to what principles were children streamed until 1965?
6. What are the recent government measures in the sphere of education?
7. What kind of school - leaving exams do children take at schools in Britain?
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Two largo islands and a lot of small ones are situated to the northwest of Europe.
They are known as the British Isles.
The largest island is called Great Britain.
The other large island is called Ireland.
In the British Isles there are two states : the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland the largest island in the Brit Great Britain or Britain, is the name for eighth largest Isles, which is divided into England, scotland andwales.
It is the the island in the world.
It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and in west and by the North Sea in the east.
In the south it is separated by the English Channel from the continent.
Northern Ireland is the political The United Kingdom of Great Britain and name for the country, which is made up of Englan Scotland, * Wales and Northern Ireland.
* It is usually known by shorter name of the United Kingdom a or the UK.
People often the United Kingdom Great Britain or Britain.
As name The capital of the UK is London.
The population of the UK is more than 60 million people.
It should be remembered that not only the English live in the UK.
The Scots, Welsh and are British too.
The British are also people of other ethnic groups parents came to live in the UK in the 1950s and 1960s from whose Hong Kong and other places.
And Most British people speak English, but such languages as welsh, Gaelic others are also spoken and taught at schools in the UK.
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From the end of the World War II the state in the United Kingdom provides a full range of free educational facilities.
Firstly, there is no prescribed curriculum.
In each area Local Education Authority is responsible for education.
At any publicly - maintained school no tuition fees are paid.
State schooling in the United Kingdom is financed partly by the Government and partly by local rates.
Schooling is voluntary under the age of five, but there is some free nursery school education before that age.
At this exam they were selected, or “streamed” according to their current level of academic attainment, for training in different types of secondary schools.
Grammar schools provided a mainly academic course for the top 20 percent ; modern schools provided general education with a practical bias.
In 1965 non - selective comprehensive schools were introduced.
IMost local education authorities have now completely changed over to comprehensive schooling.
At the age of sixteen pupils take school - leaving examinations in several subjects at the Ordinary level.
Pupils of comprehensive school had taken the examination called the Certificate of Secondary Education either with or instead of the General Certificate of Education, Ordinary level.
The examination for the General Certificate of Education of Advanced (“A”) level was taken two years after the Ordinary level exam.
The exam was conducted by eight independent examining boards, most of them connected with the university.
The most expensive day or boarding schools in Britain are exclusive public schools like Eton college for boys or St.
James’ school for girl.
. There are about 2500 fee - charging independent schools in Great Britain.
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THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
The system of education in any country is aimed at developing a personality for the good of the individual and society as a whole.
Pre - school education in England begins at the age of 3 or 4.
Around half of the children at this age attend nursery schools or playgroups mostly organised by parents.
Children of thi s age need care as well as education.
That's why kids play a lot, learn to listen attentively and to behave.
Compulsory primary education begins at the age of five in England, Wales and Scotland and at four in Northern Ireland.
Children start their school career in an infant school.
Lessons start at 9 a.
M. and are over at 4 p.
M. They are taught «3 R's» : Reading, wRiting, aRithtnetic.
Pupils have a lot of fun at school, drawing, reading, dancing or singing.
When they are 7 pupils move to a junior school, which lasts four years till they are 11.
They study a lot of subjects : English, Mathematics, Science, History, Geography along with Technology, Music, Art and Physical education
Most of children (over 90 per cent) go to state schools where education is free.
Only a small proportion of them attend private (Public) or independent schools.
Parents have to pay for the education at these schools.
The fees are high and only some families can afford it.
So such schools are for the representatives of the high class of England.
The most notable Public schools are Eton, Harrow,
Winchester, Rugby.
Secondary education begins at 11.
The majority of secondary schools are Comprehensive schools where boys and girls study together.
Besides, parents can take their
sons and daughters to Grammar schools or Secondary Modern schools.
Grammar schools provide an academic course from 11 to 18.
They prepare pupils for colleges and universities.
Many children of working class families go to Modern schools.
They give a very limited education.
Pupils get instruction in woodwork, metalwork, sewing, shorthand, typing and cooking.
After finishing such a school a pupil becomes an unskilled worker.
The Comprehensive Schools have their own "Gramar school" classes and "Modern classes"
Every pupil has to choose a set of subjects to learn.
If he takes up Art he will study English Literature, Music, Art, Drama and foreign languages.
If he is good at exact and natural sciences, he will learn Science : Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, Economics
and Technical Drawing.
The British government encourages careers education in the country.
That's why secondary schools try to break down the barriers between education and business.
They set up close links with firms to allow their students to take part in business activities.
At around 16 years old teenagers take some exams and coursework to get General Certificate of Education.
Those who choose to stay on at school usually study for two
further years to pass A level (Advanced level) exams.
These exams will give them a chance to enter the
university.
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In Russia schooling begins at the (1) a.
Of six or seven.
In most schools
parents do not (2) p.
For their children.
These state schools are (3) f.
. Secondary (4) e.
Begins at the age of ten.
Secondary school pupils do
different (5) s.
S : Russian, maths, Russian literature, physics, art,
music, modern languages — English, French or German.
Classes are not
very long — about forty - five minutes.
In most schools pupils have to
wear (6) u.
S. They are of different colours.
Girls usually wear skirts,
blouses and jackets, boys usually wear suits and shirts.
Pupils go to school five or six days a week.
If they have classes on Saturdays, they usually have five lessons every day, sometimes six.
Classes
start at half past eight in the morning.
There are ten or fifteen minute
(7) b.
S after every lesson and a longer lunch (8) b.
. Classes are over
at two or three o’clock in the afternoon.
The Russian school year usually has three or four (9) t.
S. School -
children have holidays in all the seasons — in autumn, winter, spring
and summer.
The summer holidays are the longest.
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)
Most parents send their sons and daughters to school, but some of them choose home education for their children for some reason or other.
Instead of going to school children are educated by their parents or professional tutors.
Thousands of families in the UK are now practising home - education.
Personally, I think that home schooling is an excellent alternative to traditional education.
To my mind, it has a lot of advantages.
Firstly, it is very convenient because you do not need to observe school hours, days or terms.
Besides, you do not need to have a fixed timetable.
Parents can provide a more personalized and adaptable learning environment for the child.
Secondly, the family can spend more time together.
Thirdly, children who have special educational needs are home educated when school cannot meet the child's needs.
In general, home schooling gives you an opportunity to work on just what you want and when you want.
However, a lot of people are sure that the aim of any educational establishment is not just to give knowledge but to help their learners develop communication skills and team spirit.
Children's interaction with pupils of their age influences their character building.
School is not only a place for the imparting of knowledge, but it's a place for the creation and development of the child's personality.
To conclude, home schooling has its pros and cons and it's up to the child's parents to decide which kind of education is better for him or her.
Anyway, parents must provide their children with full - time education suitable to their age, ability and aptitude.
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In Great Britain school begins at the age of 5.
At the age of 5 primary school children go to infant schools or infant classes where they spend two years till they are 11.
In infant schools they spend much time outdoors.
They play different games, run and jump.
They sing song, dance and play a lot.
Infant pupils learn how to get on with other pupils.
Their classes are informal but they learn how to read, count and write a little too.
When children are seven they go to junior schools where they spend four years till they are 11.
Junior schools are real schools.
The atmosphere is more formal in junior classes that in infant classes.
Their subjects are : English, Maths, History, nature study, Geography, Art, and Music, swimming, P.
E. and Religion
But children spend a lot of time outdoors.
They visit different museums and other famous and interesting places.
In some primary schools children wear uniforms but in any primary schools they don't.
So in England children spend six years in primary school.
When pupils are 11 or a little older they go to secondary school where they study until they are 16.
English children have classes five days a week : on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.
Saturday and Sunday are their days off.
In England the school year begins on the first Tuesday of September.
Most British schools are mixed and free.
Many boys and girls usually leave school when they are sixteen.
If they want to go to university they study in the sixth form for two more years.
Проверьте пожалуйста ошибки, срочнооооHarrow School is one of the 9 oldest private private schools in the UK?
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Harrow School is one of the 9 oldest private private schools in the UK.
For centuries, representatives of the British aristocracy and members of royal families were trained there.
Harrow School was founded in 1572 by the order of Queen Elizabeth.
Harrow School is located in a picturesque area in north - west London, just 20 kilometers from the center.
One of the unchanging traditions of the Harrow School is the desire to expand the horizons of its students, give them knowledge beyond the school curriculum, reveal their talents and provide opportunities to develop their potential.
Each student has his tutor - a class teacher - to whom he can handle all matters relating to studies, examinations, vocational guidance and higher education.
100% of graduates of Harrow School continue their higher education after graduation.
Most of them have the opportunity to enroll in the best of the selected universities, in the most prestigious educational institutions in the world.
Education in Scotland1?
Education in Scotland
1.
I n Scotland, education is supervised by the Scottish Education Department and administered by the education committees of the regional authorities.
Unlike the English system, independent “public school” play only a minor role in Scottish education.
The number of state nursery schools, though increasing, remains insufficient ; private schools and play groups help to fill the gap.
School is compulsory to age 16.
Teachers receive their professional training in colleges of education.
2. Since 1960 the number of universities has increased from four to eight.
Of the original four, St.
Andrews, ]the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow and the Heriot - Walt University in Edinburgh, formerly technological colleges, were upgraded to universities, retaining their scientific and technological emphasis.
3. The University of Dundee was separated from the University of St.
Andrews, which had some departments in Dundee.
The University of Stirling, the only completely new institution, was opened in 1967.
The new universities do not teach law and divinity but place most emphasis on science and technology and have close links with science - based industries in their neighborhoods.
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In a very seperate stream of their own, often segregated from the age of five or six , are the childrer at the independent or " public" schools, which for the past three decades have been the cause of more controversy than any other British institution.
Most public schools were founded in Victorian times, partly to provide recruits for the empire and the army.
Most of the boarding schools were sit up in the railway age, far from the main centres of population , so that the boys spent eight months a year for five years in the exclusive company of other boys.
The introverted society thus created , provided an experience from which many public schools boys never recovered , and the boarding system has been blamed for most of their subseguent failings - their veneration for authority, their obsession with tradition, their frustrated sex lives.
It is changing.
Nowadays mothers are reluctant to part with their children so early and the numbers of boarding preparatory schools have decreased and many of them now take day pupils only.
All age groups , particularly girls , are moving away from boarding education.
The public schools are nowadays less obviously different from the top grammar schools in their tasks and value - system ; they are less obsessed by team - spirit and character building , and more concerned with examinations and universities.
But they still give their pupils a very special sense or their mossion and confidence.
The public schools have certainly , in the last decade, become much less isolated.
Some are even going co - educational : they allow girls into the sixth form.
Most schools have abolished fagging and flogging of younger boys by older ones.
The most assured schools are not now fussy over long hair, wild clothes or voices - many public schoolboys now deliberately react against the " public eccent" which used to be one of their chief weapons in the outside world.
The public schools have become less philistine and less classical.
Art is no longer regarded as pansy and many schools have set up expensive art centres, greatly expanded their science sides - helped by special investment funds from big companies.
Business has become respectable and some boys play the chartered accountants business games with computers against other schools .
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In a very seperate stream of their own, often segregated from the age of five or six , are the childrer at the independent or " public" schools, which for the past three decades have been the cause of more controversy than any other British institution.
Most public schools were founded in Victorian times, partly to provide recruits for the empire and the army.
Most of the boarding schools were sit up in the railway age, far from the main centres of population , so that the boys spent eight months a year for five years in the exclusive company of other boys.
The introverted society thus created , provided an experience from which many public schools boys never recovered , and the boarding system has been blamed for most of their subseguent failings - their veneration for authority, their obsession with tradition, their frustrated sex lives.
It is changing.
Nowadays mothers are reluctant to part with their children so early and the numbers of boarding preparatory schools have decreased and many of them now take day pupils only.
All age groups , particularly girls , are moving away from boarding education.
The public schools are nowadays less obviously different from the top grammar schools in their tasks and value - system ; they are less obsessed by team - spirit and character building , and more concerned with examinations and universities.
But they still give their pupils a very special sense or their mossion and confidence.
The public schools have certainly , in the last decade, become much less isolated.
Some are even going co - educational : they allow girls into the sixth form.
Most schools have abolished fagging and flogging of younger boys by older ones.
The most assured schools are not now fussy over long hair, wild clothes or voices - many public schoolboys now deliberately react against the " public eccent" which used to be one of their chief weapons in the outside world.
The public schools have become less philistine and less classical.
Art is no longer regarded as pansy and many schools have set up expensive art centres, greatly expanded their science sides - helped by special investment funds from big companies.
Business has become respectable and some boys play the chartered accountants business games with computers against other schools .
Вопрос The quality of a country’s future life, commercially, industrially and intellectually, depends on the quality of its education system?, расположенный на этой странице сайта, относится к категории Английский язык и соответствует программе для 10 - 11 классов. Если ответ не удовлетворяет в полной мере, найдите с помощью автоматического поиска похожие вопросы, из этой же категории, или сформулируйте вопрос по-своему. Для этого ключевые фразы введите в строку поиска, нажав на кнопку, расположенную вверху страницы. Воспользуйтесь также подсказками посетителей, оставившими комментарии под вопросом.
Качество будущей жизни страны, коммерчески, промышленно и интеллектуально зависит от качества ее системы образования.
С конца Второй мировой войны государство в Соединенном Королевстве предоставляет полный спектр бесплатных образовательных учреждений.
Те родители, которые предпочитают отправлять своих детей в частные учреждения и могут себе это позволить, свободны в этом.
Организация государственного обучения не так централизована, как в большинстве европейских стран.
Во - первых, нет предписанной учебной программы.
Во - вторых, типы доступных школ и возрастные диапазоны, для которых они обслуживаются, различаются в разных частях страны.
В каждой области местное управление образования отвечает за образование.
В любой общедоступной школе плата за обучение не оплачивается.
Государственное образование в Соединенном Королевстве финансируется частично правительством и частично по местным ставкам.
Школьное образование является добровольным в возрасте до пяти лет, но до этого возраста есть бесплатное детское школьное образование.
Начальное образование происходит в детских школах для учащихся в возрасте от пяти до семи лет и младших школ с восьми до одиннадцати.
В некоторых районах есть другая система, в которой средние школы заменяют младшие школы и принимают учеников в возрасте от девяти до двенадцати лет.
Среднее образование доступно в Великобритании с 1944 года.
Оно обязано в возрасте до шестнадцати лет, и ученики могут оставаться в школе добровольно на срок до трех лет.
До 1964 года дети принимали экзамен «одиннадцать плюс» в возрасте одиннадцати лет.
На этом экзамене они были отобраны или «потоплены» в соответствии с их нынешним уровнем успеваемости, для обучения в различных типах средних школ.
Грамматические школы обеспечивали главным образом академический курс для лучших 20 процентов ; современные школы обеспечивали общее образование практическим уклоном.
В 1965 году были введены неселективные общеобразовательные школы.
Большинство местных органов образования теперь полностью перешли к всестороннему обучению.
В возрасте шестнадцати учеников проходят школьные экзамены по нескольким предметам на обычном уровне.
Экзамен проводили восемь независимых экзаменационных советов, большинство из которых были связаны с университетом.
Этот экзамен был назван Общим свидетельством об образовании.
Учащиеся общеобразовательной школы прошли экзамен под названием «Сертификат о среднем образовании» либо с Общим свидетельством об образовании, либо на обычном уровне.
Экзамен по общему свидетельству о повышении уровня образования («А») был проведен через два года после экзамена по обычным экзаменам.
Это был стандарт для поступления в университет и многие формы профессиональной подготовки.
В 1988 году оба экзамена были заменены более или менее единым общим свидетельством о среднем образовании.
Частный сектор работает параллельно с государственной системой образования.
В Великобритании около 2500 платных независимых школ.
Большинство частных школ являются однополыми до 16 лет.
Все больше родителей, похоже, готовы взять на себя огромные дополнительные расходы на образование.
Причина в том, что социальные преимущества получают от посещения определенной школы.
Самый дорогой день или школы - интернаты в Великобритании - это эксклюзивные государственные школы, такие как колледж Итона для мальчиков или школа Сент - Джеймса для девочки.
Ответь на вопросы :
1.
Что такое государственное образование в Соединенном Королевстве, которое характеризуется?
2. Когда они начнут образование в Великобритании?
3. Каковы этапы обучения в Соединенном Королевстве?
4. Является ли среднее образование избирательным или неселективным в Великобритании?
5. Согласно каким принципам дети переходили до 1965 года?
6. Каковы последние меры правительства в сфере образования?
7. Какие экзамены на выпускные экзамены учатся в школах в Великобритании?
Качество будущей жизни страны в коммерческом, промышленном и интеллектуальном отношении зависит от качества ее системы образования.
С конца второй мировой войны государство в Соединенном Королевстве предоставляет полный набор бесплатных образовательных учреждений.
Те родители, которые предпочитают направлять своих детей в частные учреждения и могут позволить себе это, имеют право на это.
Организация государственного школьного образования не столь централизована, как в большинстве европейских стран.
Во - первых, нет предписанной учебной программы.
Во - вторых, в различных частях страны существуют различные типы имеющихся в наличии школ и возрастные диапазоны, в которых они обслуживаются.
В каждой области за образование отвечает местный орган образования.
В любой государственной школе не взимается плата за обучение.
Государственная школа в Соединенном Королевстве финансируется частично правительством, а частично - местными ставками.
Школьное образование является добровольным в возрасте до пяти лет, однако до этого возраста имеется некоторое бесплатное дошкольное обучение.
Начальное образование осуществляется в детских школах для учащихся в возрасте от пяти до семи лет и в младших школах с восьми до одиннадцати.
В некоторых районах существует иная система, в рамках которой средние школы заменяют младшие школы и принимают учащихся в возрасте от 9 до 12 лет.
Среднее образование доступно в Великобритании с 1944.
Он является обязательным в возрасте до шестнадцати лет, а ученики могут оставаться в школе добровольно на срок до три года.
До тех пор, пока 1964 детей не проходили экзамен "одиннадцать плюс" в возрасте 11 лет.
На этом экзамене они были отобраны или "переносятся" в зависимости от их нынешнего уровня академической успеваемости для подготовки в различных типах средних школ.
Гимназии предоставили в основном учебный курс на 20 процентов ; Современные школы обеспечивают общее образование с практическим предубеждением.
В 1965 были введены неизбирательные всеобъемлющие школы.
В настоящее время большинство местных органов образования полностью изменились на комплексное школьное образование.
В возрасте шестнадцати лет учащиеся заучаются на школьных экзаменах по нескольким дисциплинам на обычном уровне.
Экзамен был проведен восемью независимыми экзаменационными советами, большинство из которых были связаны с университетом.
Этот экзамен был назван общим свидетельством об образовании.
Учащиеся всеобъемлющей школы проводили экзамен, называемый аттестатом о среднем образовании, либо с общим свидетельством об образовании, либо вместо него на общеобразовательном уровне.
Экзамен по общему аттестату об образовании на продвинутом уровне ("A") был проведен через два года после сдачи экзамена на обычный уровень.
Это является стандартом для въезда в университет и для многих форм профессиональной подготовки.
В 1988 оба экзамена были заменены более или менее единообразным общим свидетельством о среднем образовании.
Частный сектор работает параллельно с государственной системой образования.
В Великобритании насчитывается около 2500 платных независимых школ.
Большинство частных школ являются однополыми в возрасте до 16 лет.
Все больше и больше родителей, как представляется, готовы взять на себя огромные дополнительные расходы на образование.
Причина заключается в том, что социальные преимущества приобретаются в определенной школе.
Наиболее дорогостоящим днем или интернатами в Великобритании являются исключительные государственные школы, такие как Итонский колледж для мальчиков или школа Святого Иакова для девочек.
Ответьте на вопросы :
1.
Что является отличительной чертой государственного школьного образования в Соединенном Королевстве?
2. когда они начинают образование в Британии?
3. Каковы этапы школьного обучения в Соединенном Королевстве?
4. является ли среднее образование выборочным или неизбирательным в Британии?
5. в соответствии с какими принципами дети находились в потоке до 1965?
6. Каковы недавние меры правительства в сфере образования?
7. Какие экзамены по уходу за школы принимают детей в школах Британии?