Английский язык | 10 - 11 классы
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) LONDON'S UNDERGROUND 1.
Bands were playing and the gentlemen in hats were preparing to make speeches about their great achievement.
They made the first underground railway travel in the world - a distance of almost four miles.
It was the year 1863 and on that first historic day 30, 000 Londoners used this new and strange way of travel.
Now more than a hundred years later the London Underground carries more than a million passengers every day.
The total number of passengers carried by the London Underground each year is enormous, and it is constantly growing.
2. In the early days the trains were driven by steam locomotives which burnt coal.
It is said that the train staff and porters' asked permission to grow beards and moustaches - as an early form of smog mask.
Now the atmosphere "underground" is considered even better than that outside as germs cannot grow in the dry air - and the trains, of course, are electric.
3. The deep tunnelling came later, in 1890.
Tunnelling a tube through miles of clay, and sometimes sand and gravel is no easy task, and it was James Henry Greathead who developed the method which was to make most of London's tube tunnels possible.
London transport's experience with tunnels brought them another record.
One of the longest continuous railway tunnels in the world is the 17 1 / 2 mile tunnel on the Northern line.
4. There are numerous escalators which help to keep the traffic moving.
The first was installed in 1911.
One of them at Leicester Square is over 80 feet in length.
On long escalators the speed is changeable.
Hie "up" escalator runs at full speed when carrying passengers, but when empty it runs at half speed.
Many of the new escalators have automatic control making a more frequent service throughout the possible.
5. Safety was always one of the main concerns of London transport.
In spite of the feet that trains often follow each other within seconds, it is said that the London Underground is the safest form of transport in die world.
Automatic signalling is operated by the trains themselves.
A programme machine controls routes : if changes are necessary, they are made automatically and with lightning speed.
No accidents can happen through human weakness.
New automatic driving systems are now being used The air in the Underground is changed every quarter of an hour, and the temperature all year round is maintained at 69 - 79 degrees Fahrenheit.
6. Though the quality of service is high there is still significant overcrowding on certain lines at peak periods.
This problem is being discussed and additional improvement of service is planned for the future.
A number of station modernization schemes are being completed.
The aim is to provide a more attractive environment for the passengers.
The usage of modern materials makes maintenance easier.
This modernization is coordinated with the renewal of lifts and escalators and the introduction of new ticketing machines.
The Fare in the Underground depends on the distance, but the lowest is 50 pence The Underground is becoming much cleaner and brighter and therefore' more pleasant to use, carrying more passengers than at any time in its long Crime levels in London are generally reflected by crime levels on London's transport.
According to 1he statistics the crime level in the Underground is father high.
To ensure safety of passengers and the staff the transport authorities added more police officers to the Underground System to guarantee as much protection as possible.
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Переведите пожалуйста текст на русский язык (Переводчиком пользоваться нельзя!
) Going UndergroundIn the 1860s London was, quite literally, the capital of the world.
The city was growing, and as its population grew as well, transport in the city became a big problem.
Some new way of travelling was needed and people looked to the innovations of the Industrial Revolution.
The invention of the steam engine was relatively new and exciting and people began to think that it could be possible to transport people by trains underground.
So it was that in 1863, using techniques borrowed from digging tunnels for other uses, a 2 - mile line from Paddington in West London to Farringdon in East London was built.
Major cities all over the world soon copied this type of city transit engineering.
The most famous include : 1.
Moscow underground which is the largest in terms of passenger numbers, with more than a billion passenger journeys a year.
Some underground stations are very beautiful and include sculptures, mosaic pictures in the ceilings, picturesque decorations.
The price of a Metro ticket is less than $0, 5.
The first line was open in the thirties of the 20th century.
Задайте пожалуйста 5 альтернативных и 5 разделительных вопросов к тексту?
Задайте пожалуйста 5 альтернативных и 5 разделительных вопросов к тексту.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - London is the capital of England, the capital of Great Britain, and the capital of the United Kingdom.
It is the largest town in Europe and one of the oldest towns in the world.
The old Celts gave it its name, the Romans!
Made it the centre of their new colony, the Germanic invaders tried to burn and to destroy it, the victorious Normans made it the capital of the country.
The central part of London is full of historical remains.
Nearly every building, every bridge, every street, palace, house, and stone — each of them has its own story, its own past.
In London past and present are so mixed together that they cannot easily be separated and when you are in London you see the past in the present and the present in the past.
The oldest part of London is called the City.
In the City the streets and pavements are very narrow and the traffic is very heavy on weekdays.
That is because the most important London firms and banks have offices there.
But at weekends the City is almost dead.
The most fashionable and the most expensive part to live in is the West End.
It is situated between the City and Hyde Park.
The City and the West End are the heart of London ; they are the parts which everybody who comes to London must see and wants to see, because they are more interesting than any other part of London.
All the most interesting buildings, shops and offices are situated here.
ПЕРЕВЕСТИ Though the quality of service is high there is still significant overcrowding on certain lines at peak periods?
ПЕРЕВЕСТИ Though the quality of service is high there is still significant overcrowding on certain lines at peak periods.
This problem is being discussed and additional improvement of service is planned for the future.
A number of station modernization schemes are being completed.
The aim is to provide a more attractive environment for the passengers.
The usage of modern materials makes maintenance easier.
This modernization is coordinated with the renewal of lifts and escalators and the introduction of new ticketing machines.
The Fare in the Underground depends on the distance, but the lowest is 50 pence The Underground is becoming much cleaner and brighter and therefore' more pleasant to use, carrying more passengers than at any time in its long Crime levels in London are generally reflected by crime levels on London's transport.
According to 1he statistics the crime level in the Underground is father high.
To ensure safety of passengers and the staff the transport authorities added more police officers to the Underground System to guarantee as much protection as possible.
ПЕРЕВЕСТИ3?
ПЕРЕВЕСТИ
3.
The deep tunnelling came later, in 1890.
Tunnelling a tube through miles of clay, and sometimes sand and gravel is no easy task, and it was James Henry Greathead who developed the method which was to make most of London's tube tunnels possible.
London transport's experience with tunnels brought them another record.
One of the longest continuous railway tunnels in the world is the 17 1 / 2 mile tunnel on the Northern line.
ПЕРЕВЕСТИ 1?
ПЕРЕВЕСТИ 1.
Bands were playing and the gentlemen in hats were preparing to make speeches about their great achievement.
They made the first underground railway travel in the world - a distance of almost four miles.
It was the year 1863 and on that first historic day 30, 000 Londoners used this new and strange way of travel.
Now more than a hundred years later the London Underground carries more than a million passengers every day.
The total number of passengers carried by the London Underground each year is enormous, and it is constantly growing.
ПЕРЕВЕСТИ 6?
ПЕРЕВЕСТИ 6.
Though the quality of service is high there is still significant overcrowding on certain lines at peak periods.
This problem is being discussed and additional improvement of service is planned for the future.
A number of station modernization schemes are being completed.
The aim is to provide a more attractive environment for the passengers.
The usage of modern materials makes maintenance easier.
This modernization is coordinated with the renewal of lifts and escalators and the introduction of new ticketing machines.
The Fare in the Underground depends on the distance, but the lowest is 50 pence The Underground is becoming much cleaner and brighter and therefore' more pleasant to use, carrying more passengers than at any time in its long Crime levels in London are generally reflected by crime levels on London's transport.
According to 1he statistics the crime level in the Underground is father high.
To ensure safety of passengers and the staff the transport authorities added more police officers to the Underground System to guarantee as much protection as possible.
Переведите текст, пожалуйста ; з We have voted for the London Tube and the Tube map?
Переведите текст, пожалуйста ; з We have voted for the London Tube and the Tube map!
The Tube is the first true underground railwsy system in the world.
It was opened in 1863 and now it is the largest one.
The Tube has 274 stations and 270 million people use it every year.
The Tube map is an absolutely new type of map.
It does not show true distance, it only shows how to get from one place to another.
The map, which Harry Beck created in 1931, is recognized as a model map.
It has been around for many years and millions of people use it every day.
I have voted for the British Library, the nathional library of the UK and one of the worlds greatest newspapers, maps and other items.
The Library has a copy of every publication which is produced in the UK.
The collection includes more than 150 million items in foregn languges and some very significant thimks : Leonardo da Vincis notebook and the Beatles manuscripts!
The Library is a true icon of the UK!
ПЕРЕВЕСТИ 5?
ПЕРЕВЕСТИ 5.
Safety was always one of the main concerns of London transport.
In spite of the feet that trains often follow each other within seconds, it is said that the London Underground is the safest form of transport in die world.
Automatic signalling is operated by the trains themselves.
A programme machine controls routes : if changes are necessary, they are made automatically and with lightning speed.
No accidents can happen through human weakness.
New automatic driving systems are now being used The air in the Underground is changed every quarter of an hour, and the temperature all year round is maintained at 69 - 79 degrees Fahrenheit.
The underground railways as a kind of city transport appeared in the second half of the 19th century?
The underground railways as a kind of city transport appeared in the second half of the 19th century.
The first underground system was proposed by Charles Pearson in 1843.
Twenty years later the first line of the London Underground was opened for traffic.
Its length was almost four miles.
On that first historic day, 30, 000 Londoners made the first underground railway travel in the world.
In the early days, the trains were driven by steam locomotives, which burnt coal, filling the tunnels with smoke.
It is said that the train staff and porters asked for a permission to grow beards and moustaches – as an early form of smog mask.
The tunnels of the first underground were made as small as possible in order to reduce the construction costs.
The coaches themselves were small and narrow.
According to Pearson’s project, all lines were laid down close to the ground surface.
The deep tunneling came later, in 1890.
Constructing the tunnel through miles of clay, sand and gravel is no easy task, and it was James Henry Greathead who developed the method, which made the construction of most London tunnels possible.
One of the longest continuous tunnels in the world is the 17½ - mile tunnel on the Northern line.
The first escalator was also installed in the London Underground in 1911.
During the World War II, the London Underground served as a shelter for thousands of Londoners.
Many British Museum treasures spent the war in the tunnels of the underground.
The railways were prepared for any emergency that might occur.
They had duplicate control systems, repair groups, duplicate power supply and so on.
To minimize the danger of flooding the underground near the Thames, isolating doors were built in the tunnels.
All the trains were equipped with special reduced lighting for using on open sections of track.
Nowadays the London Underground is the most popular means of city transport.
Its length is about 300 km and it has 273 stations.
Помогите с переводом пожалуйста The main parts ofthe human body are the head, the trunk, the upper and the lower extremities or limbs?
Помогите с переводом пожалуйста The main parts ofthe human body are the head, the trunk, the upper and the lower extremities or limbs.
The head is connected with the trunk with the neck.
The head is formed by the back part, the crown and the face.
The upper part of the face is formed by the forehead and the temples.
Below there are the eyes, the nose, the cheeks, the mouth and the chin.
On both sides of the head there are the ears.
The eye is composed of the eyeball and the pupil.
The eyebrows, lashes and the lids protect theeyes.
The oral cavity contains the teeth which are set in the gums, the tongue, the hard and the soft palate, the tonsils and the throat.
The margins of the mouth are the lips.
The jaws form the framework of the mouth.
[ рис 3 ] The organs of senses are the eyes, the ears, the nose, the skin and the tongue.
We see with our eyes.
We hear with our ears.
We smell with our nose.
We taste with our tongue.
We touch with our skin.
The parts of the trunk are the breast, the waist, the abdomen, the back, the buttocks and the genitals.
In the thoracic cavity there are the respiratory, the circulatory and the digestive organs.
The main organs ofrespiration are the nasal cavity, the pharynx, the larynx, the trachea, the bronchi, the lungs and the diaphragm.
We breath with our lungs.
The circulatory system comprises the heart and the blood vessels - the arteries, the veins and the capillaries.
The heart pumps blood to various parts of the body.
The organs of digestion are contained in the oral cavity, in the thoracic cavity and in the abdominal cavity.
Digestion begins in the mouth.
From the mouth food passes in to the esophagus which is in the thoracic cavity.
Through the esophagus food passes into the stomach and the intestines where it is further digested.
The liver, spleen and the gallbladder also take part in the process of digestion.
The main excretory organs are the kidneys, the ureters, the urethra and the urinary bladder.
The organs of excretion excrete waste products.
The body is coveredwith the skin.
The back and the top of the head are covered with hair.
At the finger - tips there are the nails.
The nervous systemconsists of nerves, the brain and the medulla.
The osseous system consists of bones which support the body.
Their places of articulation are called the joints.
The muscular system consists of muscles which contract and move the limbs.
The main bones which form the skeleton are the skull, the vertebral column which consists of vertebrae, the ribs, the scapulae, the clavicles and the sternum which form the thoracic cavity, and the pelvic bones.
The humerus, the ulna, the radius are the bones which form the upper limbs.
The femur, the tibia and the fibula are bones which form the lower extremities.
The main glands ofthe human body are the secretory glands, such as the thyroid, the pancreas, the suprarenal and the salivary glands.
The excretory glands are the sweat glands, the adipose glands and the lacrimal glands.
The arm is formed by the shoulder, the upper arm, the elbow and the forearm.
The hand consists of the wrist, the palm, the fingers and the thumb.
The leg is formed by the hip, the thigh, the knee, the shank, the calf, the ankle.
The foot consists of the heel, the sole and the toes.
The substance which forms the human body consists of cells, fibers and tissues.
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1Werethe trains driven by steam locomotivesin the early days?
2 Was the first escalatorinstalled in 1911 or in 1921?
3Whatwas always one of the main concerns of London transport?
4Crime levels in London are generally reflected by crime levels on London's transport, aren'tthey?
5Whatdoes the Fare in the Underground depend on?