Английский язык | 10 - 11 классы
Переведите пожалуйста предложение, а конкретно фразу "sumps up the evidence" в данном предложении.
(ибо переводчик переводит совсем не по теме) In jury trials the judge decides questions of law, sumps up the evidence for the jury and instructs it on the relevant law, and discharges the accused or passes sentence.
Подскажите, пожалуйста?
Подскажите, пожалуйста.
Указать герундий Cross - examining was held before a jury Перевести The judge started asking the witnesses questions by the defence.
Переписать предложение в вопросительную форму : The Moscow Law Institute trains lawyers for Moscow and Moscow region /?
Переписать предложение в вопросительную форму : The Moscow Law Institute trains lawyers for Moscow and Moscow region /.
Составьте предложения с каждым из них?
Составьте предложения с каждым из них.
Law and order.
The law of the jungle.
To lay down the law.
Necessity knows no law /.
Помогите пожалуйста вставить в упражнение соченания из текста?
Помогите пожалуйста вставить в упражнение соченания из текста.
The legal system in the UK.
The study of law distinguishes between public law and private law, but in legal practice in the UK the distinction between civil law and criminal law is more important to practising lawyers.
Public law relates to the state.
It is concerned with laws which govern processes in local and national government and conflicts between the individual and the state in areas such as immigration and social security.
Private law is concerned with the relationships between legal persons, that is, individuals and corporations, and includes family law, contract law and property law.
Criminal law deals with certain forms of conduct for which the state reserves punishment, for example murder and theft.
The state prosecutes the offender.
Civil law concerns relationships between private persons, their rights, and their duties.
It is also concerned with conduct which may give rise to a claim by a legal person for compensation or an injunction – an order made by the court.
However, each field of law tends to overlap with others.
For example, a road accident case may lead to a criminal prosecution as well as a civil action for compensation.
Substantive law creates, defines or regulates rights, liabilities, and duties in all areas of law and is contrasted with procedural law, which defines the procedure by which a law is to be enforced.
1) _________ is law relating to acts, commited against the law which are punished by the state.
2) _____ is concerned with the constitution or government or the state, or the relationship between state and citizens.
3) _____ involves prosecution by the government of a person for an act that has been classified as a crime.
4) _____ is rules which determine how a case is administered by the courts.
5) _____ is concerned with the rights and duties of individuals, organi - zations, and associations (such as companies, trade unions, and charities), as opposed to criminal law.
6) _____ is common law and statute law used by the courts in making decisions.
Перевести текст Criminal Justice It is the law courts that are to administer criminal justice in England?
Перевести текст Criminal Justice It is the law courts that are to administer criminal justice in England.
Perhaps, criminal trial in the law courts of England is not so different from criminal trials in Europe.
Still, it is interesting to note that in England newspapers mustn’t describe the accused as the “thief”, or the “murderer” ; he is “the accused”, or “the defendant”, or “the prisoner”.
Here is a description of a criminal trial in England.
First, the counsel for the prosecution tells the court what he is going to prove by evidence in his opening statement.
Then he calls his witnesses.
These persons can say what they know in answers to questions, so the examination of witnesses is very important.
Then, the counsel for the defense is to defend the prisoner.
He calls his witnesses.
The judge can interfere if any of the questions are unfair.
Every counsel may examine a witness of the opposite side.
This is the cross - examination.
The law of evidence is very strict.
Every witness must swear an oath (sometimes with his hand on the Bible) “to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth”.
A witness is to give evidence in a special “witness box”.
A witness may tell only what he himself considers to be true.
There can be no “hearsay” evidence at the trial.
When the examination of the witnesses is over, counsels for both sides make further speeches.
Then the judge is to sum up.
After that he asks the jurors to consider their verdict.
The members of the jury have to decide only the questions of fact.
Questions of the law are for the judge.
So, the jury retires to a private room to consider a verdict, i.
E. to find the prisoner “guilty” or “not guilty”.
In English law courts the judge may know the prisoner’s past record of crime, if there is any, only after the verdict.
This should help the judge to pass the just sentence – more or less severe.
Переведите пожалуйста?
Переведите пожалуйста.
Substantive law creates, defines or regulates rights, liabilities, and duties in all areas of law and is contrasted with procedural law, which defines the procedure by which a law is to be enforced.
The head of state is the monarch, currently the Queen in the UK, but the government carries the authority of the Crown (the monarch).
The Westminster Parliament has two chambers : the House of Lords and the House of Commons, which sit separately and are constituted on different principles.
The Commons is an elected body of members.
Substantial reform is being carried out in the upper house, the House of Lords, where it is proposed that the majority of members be appointed, with a minority elected, replacing the hereditary peers.
There is no written constitution, but constitutional law consists of statute law, common law, and constitutional conventions.
Как можно перевести данную фразу, прошу без переводчика, ибо смысл фразы там теряется?
Как можно перевести данную фразу, прошу без переводчика, ибо смысл фразы там теряется.
The memories held of the things that are there and the things that are not there.
The scope of the family law с переводом?
The scope of the family law с переводом.
. Переведите на русский язык?
. Переведите на русский язык.
THE CRIMINAL LAW.
The criminal law, like the law generally, is interpreted by the courts but changes in the law are the matters for Parliament.
In practice, most legislation affecting criminal law is government - sponsored, but there is usually consultation between government departments and the legal profession, the police, the probation service (in Scotland, the social work agencies) and voluntary bodies.
Сложно перевести текст помогите кто может?
Сложно перевести текст помогите кто может!
Text 3.
Criminal Process in England and Wales
(1) Under English law there are three types of trial processes in criminal law.
The types of criminal trial are "summary" or "indictment" and the third type is "either way" which is an offence that can be tried in either court.
Summary trials take place in the lower court, i.
E. the Magistrates Court.
Indictment trials normally start in the Magistrates Court before they are referred to the higher court, the Crown Court for trial.
(2) The criminal court process in England and Wales starts with an indictment.
An indictment is the legal term for the criminal charges that form the basis of the trial.
The prosecution of the indictment is generally carried out the Crown Prosecution Service or CPS.
The CPS are the legal arm of the state and they decide if the information and evidence provided by the police is solid enough for criminal charges to be brought against the defendant.
This initial process is termed the committal.
Committal proceedings are dealt with by a magistrate.
The magistrate will access the evidence.
(3) Less serious offences are dealt with in the Magistrate Court, these types of offences are called summary offences.
Offences that fall into this group include low level motoring offences, minor assault, some arson cases and other low level crime such as criminal damage and taking without the drivers consent.
There are limits to the types of cases that a Magistrates Court can deal with.
Trials in the Magistrate Court take place in one of two ways.
The most common of these is a trial that takes place before a bench of "lay magistrates".
This must be made up of at least three people but they are not normally lawyers or solicitors.
The less common type of Magistrates Court trial is that of a Stipendiary Magistrate.
(4) Crown Courts deal with the more serious criminal offences.
These crimes are titled indictable offences and cover a wide range of acts.
Indictable offences include murder, manslaughter, kidnapping, blackmail and armed robbery.
People charged with these offences have their first court appearance in the Magistrates Court before the Crown Court.
At this stage the Magistrate must decide if the defendant should be released on bail or to keep him / her in custody.
This stage of the process is called the first appearance.
In the Crown Court the trial is overseen by a Circuit Judge or a High Court Judge and a jury.
The status of the judge depends on the seriousness of the offence and complex nature of the offence.
A jury is only called in the defendant enters a plea of "not guilty".
(5) “Either way” cases are those that are between the two levels and can be tried by magistrates or by a Judge and Jury in a Crown Court.
Magistrates can "decline jurisdiction" on cases that they believe are too serious for them to deal with.
Then the case must be dealt with in the Crown Court.
An adult defendant can ask for trial by jury in a crown court and the court system must agree to this.
(6) The judge supervises the criminal trial by attempting to ensure clarity and fairness of the proceedings.
The judge must also decides on legal issues (such as whether a piece of evidence is admissible - should be put before the jury) and also instruct the jury as to the correct view to the case.
In England and Wales juries are made up of 12 people aged between 18 and 70 years old.
It is the role of the jury to decide if the defendant is either guilty or innocent.
The jury will access the evidence before them and come to a verdict.
The verdict can either be a unanimous verdict where all the jurors are united in their view or a majority verdict where the majority of the jury has agreed on an outcome.
Trial by Jury has been central to English Common Law since the Magna Carta was signed by King John in 1215.
In criminal cases, the prosecution must prove guilt of the defendant.
The defendant does not have to prove his / her innocence.
The standard of proof required in law is that the case must be proved beyond reasonable doubt.
If a defendant is found guilty then it is the judge that will pass sentence and also set the length of time the defendant will serve for their crime.
There is a course to appeal after the first trial but there needs to be compelling evidence for an appeal to be heard.
(7) Criminal law in England is always developing and the recent Heathrow robbery trial was the first trial without a jury in England for nearly four hundred years.
The trial was carried out in front of a judge because of fears of jury tampering.
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По видимому "предоставляет доказательства".