Английский язык | 10 - 11 классы
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The heart is an inner hollow muscular organ placed within the chest and included in the pericardium.
The base of the heart is against the third rib.
The weight of the heart is about 300 grams (gr) in the male and about 220 gr in the female.
The heart consists of two separate chambers divided by the septum.
Each of the chambers has two connected parts : the atrium and the ventricle.
The right atrium is larger than the left one, but the walls of the left atrium are thicker than those of the right one.
The right ventricle is triangular (треугольный) in form and has thick walls.
The ventricle is in the anterior part of the hear.
The muscular structure of the heart consists of fibrous bands.
The human heart contracts from the first moment of life until the last one.
The contractions of the heart pump the blood through the arteries to all the parts of the body.
The total weight of blood pumped by the heart daily is about ten tons.
In the adult the heart makes from 60 to 72 beats per minute.
In children the rate of heartbeat is much higher.
The rate of heartbeat increases depending on different emotions.
Physiologists found out that the muscle works or contracts about one third of the person's life.
The blood vessels or vascular system consists of three groups of vessels : arteries, veins and capillaries.
The nourishment from the digestive system, the oxygen from the lungs pass through the walls of capillaries into the body tissues.
The impurities from the tissues taken up by the capillaries are carried away in the blood.
The capillary system is a network all over the body.
When they joint a together, they get larger and become veins, The vessels carrying blood to and from the tissues of the body compose the general system.
They are called the systemic vessels.
The pulmonary system is formed by the vessels carrying blood to and from the lung.
The portal system is formed by the veins passing to the liver The arteries dilate and contract simultaneously with the action of the heart.
Look through the Reference Material, and the map and name : - the parts (countries) the UK consists of, and their capitals ; - the people who live in the UK and the languages they speak ; - big indust?
Look through the Reference Material, and the map and name : - the parts (countries) the UK consists of, and their capitals ; - the people who live in the UK and the languages they speak ; - big industrial cities of Britan ; - water bodies around the UK ; - water bodies that separate Britan from the continent .
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There are several main systems of the body : the skeletal, the muscular, the nervous, the digestive, the respiratory, the urinary, the endocrine and the reproductive systems.
The skeletal system consists of the bones of the body and ligaments and cartilages, which join them.
The chief function of the skeletal system is structural.
The muscular system consists of the skeletal muscles and their associated structures.
The main function of this system is to move us about.
The nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, nerves, ganglia and receptors.
It is a complex information system with all the necessary means for receiving, processing and communicating information.
The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels and the blood, which is pumped through the blood vessels by the heart.
Its function is mainly that of transportation system : the nutrients, oxygen, special substances which are required by cells are carried by the blood stream ; and the cellular wastes and sometimes other materials produced by the cells are carried away by the blood stream.
The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and a number of associated glands.
The respiratory system consists of the lungs, the air passages leading to them and associated structures.
Its main function is to convey oxygen to the lungs, where it can enter the blood stream and to remove carbon dioxide, which escapes from the blood into the lung spaces.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys which produce urine by removing nitrogenous and other wastes from the blood : the two ureters, which convey the urine away from the kidneys ; the urinary bladder, where the urine is stored until it is discharged ; and the urethra through which the urine is discharged.
7The endocrine system consists of a number of glands throughout the body, which produce regulatory substances called hormones.
The endocrine system serves to regulate a large number of activities.
Переведите пожалуйстаresearch work has given physiologists the possibility to find out that the heart muscle works or contracts about one third of the time of the person's life?
Переведите пожалуйстаresearch work has given physiologists the possibility to find out that the heart muscle works or contracts about one third of the time of the person's life.
The period of rest is shorter during greater physical exertion and longer when the body is at rest.
Prolonged research work of many physiologists has given the possibility to estimate the role of the ventricles which serve as the main pump.
The atria act as receiving chambers.
The contraction of the atria which sends the final portion of the blood into the ventricle is considerably less.
EXERCISE 3?
EXERCISE 3.
Поставьте предложения в вопросительную форму.
The heart circulates blood throughout the body.
The heartbeats can be felt as the pulse.
Each chamber is divided into upper and lower compartments.
The heart has stopped beating.
Death occurs in a few minutes.
Vessels returning blood to the heart are known as veins.
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Помогите пожалуйста с английским.
Правильно разложить слова, то есть составить предложения a) the, system, begins, digestive, mouth, the, with.
B) function, to remove, major, the, of, urinary, the, system, urine, is.
C) is, the, system, of, complex, one, the, nervous, most, systems, all, of, body, human.
D) lymph, are, blood, and, the, tissues, body, of, liquid, the.
E) includes, muscles, the, and, muskuloskeletal, the, system, bones, joints.
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The Cardiac Output Cardiac output refers to the volume of blood which the left ventricle forces into the aorta per minute of time.
It must be noted that this term refers to the output of the left ventricle only, and that the total output is twice as much.
The reason that the output of the left ventricle, is considered so important that it is given this special name is that it supplies the entire body (except the lungs) with the blood.
Another reason is that it does a much greater amount of work than does the right, and consequently is more likely to fail.
The work that the ventricle does depends not only on the volume of blood but upon the pressure against which they must beat, and that pressure is about six times as great in the aorta as in pulmonary artery - about80 mmin the first and only about15 mmin the second.
Cardiac output is the product of two factors : heart rate (the number of beats per minute) and stroke volume (the volume expelled per beat).
The heart rate is normally controlled by balance between impulses reaching it over the vagus and over the sympathetics.
Thus, inhibition of the vagus centre speeds up to the heart.
And inhibition of the sympathetic centre would slow down the heart.
It seems that in the human most of the effect is achieved by inhibition of the vagal centre of the sympathetic region as well.
The second factor affecting cardiac output is the stroke volume, that is, the amount of blood which the left ventricle ejects per beat.
Within limits, the stroke volume depends upon the "venous return".
The normal heart is capable of a considerable degree of enlargement ; after the venous return is increased - as it is in exercise - the chambers of the heart are able to supply the additional blood.
The walls of right atrium and the great veins are thin and stretch readily, so that the heart rate is increased.
The increased venous return in exercise is brought about in the following manner : 1) when muscles contract, they exert a "milking" effect on the blood vessels which they contain.
With each contraction, blood is squeezed out1 into the veins - it cannot be squeezed back into the arteries because the arterial pressure is so high - and with each relaxation the blood vessels of the muscle again fill up with blood ; 2) in exercise, breathing becomes deeper.
The heart lies within the thorax ; when the thorax expands, blood is "sucked2 into" the heart.
The two factors, working together, cause the amount of venous blood returned to be greatly increased.
First the right side of the heart, and within a few beats the left, are dilated and take bigger "bites" of blood.
Thus the stroke volume is increased.
Complete the sentences with the words from the box?
Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
Do the puzzle and underline the true sentences.
The treasure's under the.
The treasure's on the.
The treasure's behind the.
The treasure's in the.
25 баллов ?
25 баллов !
Переведите текст Your heart is a wonderful organ thatworks during every minute of your life.
You can help it work long and well .
You can strengthen itprotect it from diasease by exercises and regular regimen.
Take your pulse and in such a way you can control the work of you heart.
Our pulse is about 70 beats per minute .
After heavy exercises the heart works faster and then the pulse will be faster too, perhaps 100 (one hundred ) beats.
After a minute or two the pulse will be normal again.
About 5 litres of blood fill our arteries veins and capillaries.
Arteries carry blood from the heart.
Veins carry blood to the heart.
Blood has red blood cells, white blood cells and plasma .
Today doctors can take blood pressure (B.
P. ) listen to the heart, take blood tests and take the cardiogram of a patient’s heart.
From the necessary derivatives from the words on the right and comlete the sentences?
From the necessary derivatives from the words on the right and comlete the sentences.
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Переведите, пожалуйста, At the practical Anatomy class we study the human body?
Переведите, пожалуйста, At the practical Anatomy class we study the human body.
The principle parts of the
human body are the head, the trunk and the limbs (extremities).
We speak of the upper
extremities (arms) and the lower extremities (legs).
The head consists of two parts : the skull which contains the brain, and the face
which consists of the forehead, the eyes, the nose, the mouth, the cheeks, the ears and
the chin.
In the mouth there are gums with teeth, the tongue and the palate.
The head is connected with the trunk by the neck.
The upper part of the trunk is the
chest and the lower one is the abdomen.
The principle organs in the chest are the
lungs, the heart and the gullet (esophagus).
We breathe with the lungs.
The heart
contracts and makes 60 - 80 beats per minute.
The principle organs in the abdominal cavity are the stomach, the liver, the spleen,
the intestine, the kidneys, the gall - bladder and the bladder.
The framework of the bones is called the skeleton ; it supports the soft parts and
protects the organs form injury.
The bones are covered with muscles.
The upper extremity is connected with the chest by the shoulder.
Each arm consists
of the upper arm, forearm, elbow, wrist and hand.
We have four fingers and a thumb
on each hand.
The lower extremity (the leg) consists.
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Серце - це внутрішній порожнистий м'язовий орган, поміщений у судини і входить в перикард.
База серця проти третього ребра.
The
Вага серця становить близько 300 грамів (гр) у чоловіків та близько 220 грамів у жіночої статі.
Серце складається з двох окремих камер, поділених на перегородку.
Кожна з камер має дві зв'язані частини : передсердя і шлуночок.
Правий передсердь більший, ніж ліва, але стіни лівого передсердя товщі, ніж стінки правого передсердя.
Правий шлуночок має трикутну форму та має товсті стінки.
Шлуночок знаходиться в передній частині вуха.
М'язова структура серця складається з волокнистих смуг.
Людське серце підписується з першого моменту життя до останнього.
Сутички серця пробивають кров через артерії до всіх частин тіла.
Загальна вага крові, що прокачується серцем, становить близько десяти тонн на добу.
У дорослого серце становить від 60 до 72 ударів на хвилину.
У дітей частота серцебиття набагато вище.
Швидкість серцебиття зростає через різні емоції.
Фізіологи виявили, що м'язи працюють або укладають близько однієї третини життя людини.
Кровоносні судини або судинна система складаються з трьох груп судин : артерій, вен і капілярів.
Харчування з травної системи, кисень з легенів проходить через стінки капілярів у тканини тіла.
Домішки з тканин, що поглинаються капілярами, захоплюються в крові.
Капілярна система є мережею по всьому тілу.
Коли вони об'єднуються, вони стають все більшими і стають жидами,
Судини, що несуть кров до тканин тіла та з неї, утворюють загальну систему.
Вони називаються системними судинами.
Легенева система утворюється судин, що несуть кров до і з легенів.
Портальна система формується за допомогою вени, що проходить до печінки
Артерії розширюються і згортаються одночасно з дією серця.