Английский язык | 10 - 11 классы
Помогите пожалуйста с переводом.
( только не гугл ) : After finishing secondary school or college you can apply to a university, polytechnic, college of education or you can continue to study in a college of further education.
The academic year in Britain's univercities, Polytechnics, Colleges of education is divided into 3 terms, which usually run from the beginning of October to the middle of December, the middle of January to the end of March, from the middle of April to the end of June or the beginning of July.
There are 46 universities in Britain.
The oldest and best - known universities are located in Oxford, Cambridge, London, Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh, Southampton, Cardiff, Bristol, Birmingham.
Good A - level results in at least 2 subjects are necessary to get a place at a university.
However, good exam passes alone are not enough.
Universities choose their students after interviews.
For all British citizens a place at a university brings with it a grant from their local education authority.
English universities greatly differ from each other.
They differ in date of foundation, size, history, tradition, general organization, methods of instruction, way of student life.
After three years of study a university graduate will leave with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, Science, Engineering, Medicine, etc.
Later he may continue to take Master's Degree and then a Doctor's Degree.
The 2 intellectual eyes of Britain - Oxford & ; Cambridge Universities - date from the 12 & ; 13 centuries.
They are known for all over the world and are the oldest and most prestigious universities in Britain.
They are often called collectively Oxbridge, but both of them are completely independent.
Only education elite go to Oxford and Cambridge The Scottish universities of St.
Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen & ; Edinburgh date from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
In the nineteenth and the early part of the twentieth centuries the so - called Redbrick universities were founded.
These include London, Manchester, Leeds , Liverpool, Shetfield, and Birmingham.
During the late sixties and early seventies some 20 'new' universities were set up.
Sometimes they are called 'concrete and glass' universities.
Among them are the universities os Sussex, York, East Anglia and some others.
During these years the government set up 30 Polytechnics.
The Polytechnics, like the universities, offer first and higher degrees.
Some of them offer full - time and sandwich courses Colleges of Education provide two - year courses in teacher education or sometimes three years if the graduate specializes in some Particular subjects.
Some of them who decide to leave school at the age of 16 may go to a further education college where they can follow a cource in typing, engineering, town planning, cooking , or hairdressing, full - time or part - time.
Further education colleges have strong ties with commerce and industry.
There's an interesting form of studies which is called the Open University.
It's intended for people who study in their own free time and who 'attend' lectures by watching TV and listening to the radio.
They keep ih touch by phone and letter with their tutors and attend summer schools.
The Open University students have no formal qualifications and would be unable to enter ordinary universities.
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Перевод, срочно!
In the UK schooling is voluntary under the age of 5.
It means that parents may decide whether to take their children to nursery schools (kindergartens) or not.
From 5 to 16 school education becomes compulsory and free for state school pupils.
During this time schoolchildren complete their primary (5–11) and secondary (11– 16) education.
Sixteen - year - olds may start work, remain at school or go to Further Education Colleges where they are taught some skills together with school subjects.
All school leavers take exams for the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) 1 .
Those who are aiming at entering universities usually stay at school for another two years doing 3—4 subjects, after which they sit another set of exams called A Level (Advanced Level examinations).
By this time, they already know what universities they want to apply to and what their preferences are.
In their turn universities get information about the applicants (including their examination results) and choose their will - be students.
Most of British university courses last three years and students typically do one or two major subjects.
It is common practice for students to attend universities situated a long distance from their family homes and live on campus 2.
To pay their tuition and living costs students usually borrow money from banks but there is also a system of scholarships, that is money given to the brightest school leavers to be spent on their university education.
A lot of students do some jobs to earn extra money.
At the end of their university course students get the so - called bachelor’s degree 3.
If they want to continue their education, they can study further and take their master’s degree 1.
Then there is research - based postgraduate study 2 leading them to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Очень срочно нужно?
Очень срочно нужно!
К тексту(который ниже) нужно выполнить 4 задания :
1)поставить к тексту 5 вопросов
2)выписать из текста все глаголы и образовать от них причастия настоящего и прошедшего времени.
И перевести
3)найти в тексте и перевести на рус.
Яз. предложения в которых употреблены причастия настоящего времени
4)найти в тексте и перевести на рус.
Яз. предложения в которых употреблены причастия прошедшего времени
Higher educational establishments of Great Britain.
The structure of higher education in Great Britain is very complex.
Five types of institutions – 45 universities, teachers’ training colleges, colleges of advanced technology, technical colleges and art colleges – are the main sourses of full - time higher education.
There is also a small number of specialized colleges such as the Colleges of Aeronautics and the National Colleges of Agricultural Engineering.
A university consists of a number of faculties : theology, medicine, arts, philosophy, law, music, natural sciences, economics, engineering, agriculture, commerce and others.
The two oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge.
Each consists of largely self - governing, residental colleges.
The teaching is based on the tutorial system as well as lectures.
Each student has a tutor, who requires him to write essays anti papers on the subjects he is studying and give them to him regularly about once a fortnight for correction and discussion.
Selection of students is mainly in the hands of independent colleges having special ties with the public schools.
The whole system operates with very little public control, though some children from state schools are admitted.
But the cost of education is so high that not - many can afford entering these universities.
The universities grant their own degrees.
The normal duration of a first degree course is there years, at the end a bachelor degree is awarded on the results of examinations.
A master degree is usually awarded after a further year or two years study.
The highest degree is the doctor of Philosophy awarded for research and the submission of a thesis.
Every university is autonomous and responsible only to its governing body.
The regulations differ from university to university.
In most universities students have their own ‘unions’ which are centres of cultural and recreational activity.
When people speak about theuniversities of Oxford and Cambridgetogether and want to distinguish them from other British universities theyusually use the word "Oxbridge", which is made up from the name?
When people speak about the
universities of Oxford and Cambridge
together and want to distinguish them from other British universities they
usually use the word "Oxbridge", which is made up from the names of
the two universities - Oxford and Cambridge.
To use one word
"Oxbridge" is quite natural because both universities do not differ
greatly and have much in common.
Oxford and Cambridge universities
date back to the Middle Ages and have always been the universities for
gentlemen.
Now in both there are colleges for women.
Each university consists
of a number of semi - independent colleges.
To become a student of Oxford or Cambridge
one has to take an entrance exam in addition to "A" levels and after
that he (she) may be accepted at one of the university colleges.
The teaching in both
universities is based on the tutorial system.
Students have tutorials called
supervisions at Cambridge.
Every student has a tutor who plans his (her) work.
The student has to write
essays and papers on the subjects he (she) is studying.
The student is also
required to submit regularly the results of his (her) work to the tutor who
gives advice and helps him (her) in time of need.
Both universities
are believed to be the best institutions to get education at.
Most graduates of
Oxbridge are former students of famous public schools.
An Oxbridge degree is
highly valued and recognized by the public and the government.
As a rule most
Oxbridge graduates get leading positions in Britain and become politicians, MPs
and prime ministers.
In both
universities students wear gowns.
As for Oxford students, when taking exams or
being at a degree ceremony, they have to wear a gown on top of their academic
dress consisting of a black suit or skirt, black shoes and socks or tights, a
white shirt or a blouse and a black tie.
Besides they have to put on a black
hat with a flat, square top.
Cambridge
students wear gowns when they become members of the university and at
graduation.
The students of Oxford and Cambridge
always compete with each other.
They are rivals in academic affairs, in
debating and sport.
Rugby and cricket teams
competitions as well as the Boat Races held each year attract public attention.
Each May the river Thames, known at Oxford as
the Isis, becomes like a Venetian carnival
when colleges row against each other.
Crews try to bump the boat in front of
them.
The leading crew at the end of four days wins the title Head of the River.
When people speak about the universities of Oxford and Cambridge together and want to distinguish them from other British universities they usually use the word "Oxbridge", which is made up from the n?
When people speak about the universities of Oxford and Cambridge together and want to distinguish them from other British universities they usually use the word "Oxbridge", which is made up from the names of the two universities - Oxford and Cambridge.
To use one word "Oxbridge" is quite natural because both universities do not differ greatly and have much in common.
Oxford and Cambridge universities date back to the Middle Ages and have always been the universities for gentlemen.
Now in both there are colleges for women.
Each university consists of a number of semi - independent colleges.
To become a student of Oxford or Cambridge one has to take an entrance exam in addition to "A" levels and after that he (she) may be accepted at one of the university colleges.
The teaching in both universities is based on the tutorial system.
Students have tutorials called supervisions at Cambridge.
Every student has a tutor who plans his (her) work.
The student has to write essays and papers on the subjects he (she) is studying.
The student is also required to submit regularly the results of his (her) work to the tutor who gives advice and helps him (her) in time of need.
Both universities are believed to be the best institutions to get education at.
Most graduates of Oxbridge are former students of famous public schools.
An Oxbridge degree is highly valued and recognized by the public and the government.
As a rule most Oxbridge graduates get leading positions in Britain and become politicians, MPs and prime ministers.
In both universities students wear gowns.
As for Oxford students, when taking exams or being at a degree ceremony, they have to wear a gown on top of their academic dress consisting of a black suit or skirt, black shoes and socks or tights, a white shirt or a blouse and a black tie.
Besides they have to put on a black hat with a flat, square top.
Cambridge students wear gowns when they become members of the university and at graduation.
The students of Oxford and Cambridge always compete with each other.
They are rivals in academic affairs, in debating and sport.
Rugby and cricket teams competitions as well as the Boat Races held each year attract public attention.
Each May the river Thames, known at Oxford as the Isis, becomes like a Venetian carnival when colleges row against each other.
Crews try to bump the boat in front of them.
The leading crew at the end of four days wins the title Head of the River
5 задание.
Выпишите предложения из текста вВыпишите предложения из текста в которых сказуемое стоит в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice)The British Education System?
Выпишите предложения из текста вВыпишите предложения из текста в которых сказуемое стоит в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice)
The British Education System.
State Education in Britain.
All state schools in Britain are free, and schools provide their pupils with books and equipment for their studies.
Nine million children attend 35.
000 schools in Britain.
Education is compulsory from 5 till 16 years.
Parents can choose to send their children to a nursery school or a pre - school playgroup to prepare them for the start of compulsory education.
Children start primary school at 5 and continue until they are 11.
Most children are taught together, boys and girls in the same class.
At 11 most pupils go to secondary schools called comprehensives which accept a wide range of children from all backgrounds and religious and ethnic groups.
Ninety per cent of secondary schools in England, Scotland and Wales are co - educational.
At 16 pupils take a national exam called «G.
C. S.
E. » (General Certificate of Secondary Education) and then they can leave school if they wish.
This is the end of compulsory education.
Some 16 - year - olds continue their studies in the sixth form at school or at a sixth form college.
The sixth form prepares pupils for a national exam called «A» level (advanced level) at IS.
Yon - need «A» level to enter a university.
Other 16 - year - olds choose to go to a college of further education to study for more practical (vocational) diplomas relating to the world of work, such as hairdressing, typing or mechanics.
Universities and colleges of higher education accept students with «A» levels from 18.
Students study for a degree which takes on average three years of full - time study.
Most students graduate at 21 or 22 and are given their degree at a special graduation ceremony.
Задание 8?
Задание 8.
Письменно на английском языке ответьте на следующие вопросы исходя из текста : 1.
What universities are called “redbrick” and why?
2. What educational establishments does the University of London include?
3. What is the difference between colleges and institutes within a university?
4. Where can most of the redbrick universities be found?
5. How do the redbrick universities organize their academic work?
6. What universities refer to the group of “new” ones?
FAMOUS BRITISH UNIVERSITIES 1.
English universities differ from each other in date of foundation, size, history, tradition, general organization, methods of instruction, and way of student life.
The universities, which were founded between 1850 and 1930, including London University, are known as redbrick universities.
They were called so because that was the favourable building material of the time, though they are rarely referred to as “redbrick” today.
2. The University of London is by far the largest university, with about 39000 full - time students.
It was established by the union of two colleges : University College (1827) and King’s College (1831).
Later many other colleges, schools and institutes were added, and it also could be called a kind of federation of colleges, but the system is entirely dif - ferent.
The largest of the London colleges are like universities in them - selves, having many different faculties and departments.
Others specialize in certain subjects, like the London School of Economics and Political Science, the Imperial College of Science and Technology, the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, the School of Oriental and African Studies, the School of Architecture.
3. There are also institutes attached to London University as well as to other universities.
Whereas colleges within a university teach all subjects, and schools – a group of subjects, these institutes specialize more narrowly, and are often more occupied with research than teaching undergraduates.
In London University, for example, there are the Institute of Archeology, the Courtauld Institute (specializing in the his - tory of art) and some others.
4. Most of the redbrick universities founded in the nineteenth century are scattered throughout the country and are to be found in Birmingham, Bristol, Exeter, Hull, Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool, Nottingham, Sheffield, Southampton and some others.
5. The redbrick universities organize their academic work in a va - riety of ways.
Subjects are taught in individual departments which are in turn grouped into faculties covering the main subject grouping, like arts, science, engineering, social science.
6. The “new universities” were all founded after the Second World War.
Some of them quickly became popular because of their modern approach to university courses.
The first of this group was Keele Uni - versity (in Staffordshire), founded in 1948.
In 1961 seven new universities were approved : the universities of East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Lancaster, Sussex, Warwick, York.
The traditional faculty structure in these universities has been avoided in an attempt to prevent overspecialization.
One form of organization (at Sussex) is school, which embraces a range of related subjects.
York and Warwick have structures which are closer to older universities.
Both in the US and England most children attend schools where education is free?
Both in the US and England most children attend schools where education is free.
In the USA they are called Public schools and in England they are called State school.
Secondary education is optional in both countries but in the USA children must attend school between the age of 6 and 18 and in England between the ages 5 and 16 .
The period of primary education in England is 6 years.
In the USA primary education is called elementary.
It can take from 5 to 8 years in different types of school.
The names of schools and the period of training there is quite different in these two countries.
In the USA students do not take national exams at the end of each stage.
Поставьте 5 вопросов к тексту ( общий , специальный , альтернативный , разделительный и вопрос к подлежащему)?
Поставьте 5 вопросов к тексту ( общий , специальный , альтернативный , разделительный и вопрос к подлежащему).
The British Education System.
State Education in Britain.
All state schools in Britain are free, and schools provide their pupils with books and equipment for their studies.
Nine million children attend 35.
000 schools in Britain.
Education is compulsory from 5 till 16 years.
Parents can choose to send their children to a nursery school or a pre - school playgroup to prepare them for the start of compulsory education.
Children start primary school at 5 and continue until they are 11.
Most children are taught together, boys and girls in the same class.
At 11 most pupils go to secondary schools called comprehensives which accept a wide range of children from all backgrounds and religious and ethnic groups.
Ninety per cent of secondary schools in England, Scotland and Wales are co - educational.
At 16 pupils take a national exam called «G.
C. S.
E. » (General Certificate of Secondary Education) and then they can leave school if they wish.
This is the end of compulsory education.
Some 16 - year - olds continue their studies in the sixth form at school or at a sixth form college.
The sixth form prepares pupils for a national exam called «A» level (advanced level) at IS.
Yon - need «A» level to enter a university.
Other 16 - year - olds choose to go to a college of further education to study for more practical (vocational) diplomas relating to the world of work, such as hairdressing, typing or mechanics.
Universities and colleges of higher education accept students with «A» levels from 18.
Students study for a degree which takes on average three years of full - time study.
Most students graduate at 21 or 22 and are given their degree at a special graduation ceremony.
Найдите ошибки, пожалуйста EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA Education in Australia is one of the best in the world?
Найдите ошибки, пожалуйста EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA Education in Australia is one of the best in the world.
Students, who received higher education in this country, can easily find a job anywhere.
In Australia, there is a very rigid system of the requirements applied to learning programs.
The state guarantees a high level and the quality of knowledge.
Higher Education in Australia has a multi - level system consisting of three levels : Primary education, Secondary education, Tertiary education.
A mandatory requirement for admission to the University is the completion of the twelfth grade, English proficiency and getting good grades in the exam.
There are thirty - seven state universities and two private universities with a total of six thousand students, including students of daytime, evening and correspondence departments.
All universities are located on the coast of the ocean.
Universities Australia has invariably included in the top thirty of the best universities in the world in the rating of the newspaper Times.
Due to its unique geographical position, universities in Australia give a good education in oceanography, shipbuilding, marine biology.
In Australia, does not exist ranking of universities.
But each university receives a "star" - from one to five.
In evaluating accounted academic success of students, number of teachers with advanced degrees, research and many other factors, and, of course, the employment of graduates in the first three months after graduation.
Australian universities have the world's best research base in the field of natural sciences, information technology, maritime transport.
Unlike most European universities have two Australian term admissions students - in February and September - October.
The academic year in Australia begins in late February and ends in early November, and is divided into two semesters.
In the initial university courses can obtain an advanced degree (two to three years) or Diploma (one to two years), which demonstrate practical skills in areas such as business, science, education, agriculture and others.
Education Bachelor's degree in Australia takes three or four (honorary degree) years.
Some areas - medicine, dentistry, engineering sciences - require longer - from 4 to 6 years - the period of study.
Most Popular Business, Business Administration and Economics, and more than half of foreign students come to these courses.
The second most popular area of expertise - the natural, human and social sciences, and the arts.
Third - engineering and technological specialization.
A master's degree can be obtained in 1 - 2 years.
A master’s degree is awarded as a result of the end of the training program or performs research work.
Duration of training of one to one and a half years, the implementation of the research work takes two years.
The diploma can be obtained, after studying for two semesters, and a certificate - one.
PhD - the highest qualification awarded by the University as a result of the research work.
Australian universities are equipped with the latest technology for research.
One of the cons is the high cost of education.
Minimum training costs approximately $ 15, 000 per year.
But the price is much lower than the cost of education in Europe and the US.
Because of this, the quality of the theoretical education is not very high.
Most universities provide a dormitory for students.
But is always possible and quite simply rent a room or apartment by yourself or with another student.
Students in Australia are free to use the library at the university, attend gyms, computer rooms and laboratories.
For students granted recreation centers, car parks.
The very first university - the University of Sydney, which opened in 1850.
It has educated two Nobel Prize winners.
The best university - The University of Melbourne, located in the state capital of Victoria.
He entered the top 200 ranking of world universities (36th place).
Especially on high - level teaching is done medical and natural sciences.
Is one of the leading research centers in Australia, thanks to which attract a broad stream of government subsidies and grants.
At the moment In Australia is not enough highly qualified specialists in different areas.
So foreign students who have graduated from high school in Australia and having a degree not lower bachelor are now eligible to work full - time for two years.
Thus, education in Australia is very prestigious and popular.
Knowledge gained in the universities of this country, given the opportunity to get a high paying job around the world.
In them are trained not only local students but also foreigners who have the opportunity to stay and live in this country after graduation.
Here, not only created the perfect conditions for learning, but also for recreation and entertainment.
And also live in Australia are friendly people who can help in any situation.
Можете найти ошибки?
ОТДАМ 11 БАЛЛОВ, ПОМОГИТЕ ПОЖАЛУЙСТА ЗАДАНИЕ : Find in the text sentences with modal verbs and translate them into Russian?
ОТДАМ 11 БАЛЛОВ, ПОМОГИТЕ ПОЖАЛУЙСТА ЗАДАНИЕ : Find in the text sentences with modal verbs and translate them into Russian.
Higher education in Russia is provided by state and non - state accredited higher educational institutions.
Currently there are six types of such institutions : national universities (such as Lomonosov Moscow State University and Saint Petersburg State University), federal universities, national research universities, universities, academies and institutes.
The admission to higher educational institutions is competitive.
It is based on the results of the Uniform State Exam, and those who wish to get admitted to law schools must demonstrate high academic attainment in such subjects as the Russian language, history and social studies.
According to the “Law on Education” of 2012, the recognized higher education qualifications are : a Bachelor degree, a Master degree and a Specialist diploma.
The bachelor of laws degree (LLB) is obtained after 4 years of full - time studies ; at the part - time and correspondence departments the training takes longer.
Bachelor degree programs focus on basic training and courses relevant to the basics of law as the new educational standards emphasize a practice - oriented approach.
Law schools graduates will be able to work as advocates, notaries, legal advisers, in - house counsels.
They may join the police force or other law enforcement agencies.
LLB degree holders may enter the workforce immediately or may study towards the Master degree (LLM).
Master degree programs last for two years and offer in - depth specialization.
There are some legal specialities which require only the Specialist diploma.
The duration of the Specialist programs is five years and this is the traditional form of Russian higher education.
Each stage of the education is completed by writing and defending a degree paper and sitting for the Final State Examination.
Graduates interested in further legal studies may pursue doctoral degrees : the Candidate of Legal Sciences degree and Doctor of Legal Sciences degree by defending a dissertation.
The dissertation is defended in the form of a pub - lic presentation and scientific debates.
These degrees are awarded for original research that constitutes a significant contribution to the legal science.
Вопрос Помогите пожалуйста с переводом?, расположенный на этой странице сайта, относится к категории Английский язык и соответствует программе для 10 - 11 классов. Если ответ не удовлетворяет в полной мере, найдите с помощью автоматического поиска похожие вопросы, из этой же категории, или сформулируйте вопрос по-своему. Для этого ключевые фразы введите в строку поиска, нажав на кнопку, расположенную вверху страницы. Воспользуйтесь также подсказками посетителей, оставившими комментарии под вопросом.
После окончания средней школы или колледжа вы можете поступить в университет, политехнический институт, колледж высшего образования или продолжить обучение в колледже для получения дальнейшего образования.
Учебный год в британских университетах, политехнических вузах, колледжах делится на 3 семестра, которые обычно длятся с начала октября до середины декабря, с середины января до конца марта, с середины апреля до конца июня или начала июля.
В Великобритании есть 46 университетов.
Самые старые и известные университеты расположены в Оксфорде, Кембридже, Лондоне, Лидсе, Манчестере, Ливерпуле, Эдинбурге, Саутгемптоне, Кардиффе, Бристоле, Бирмингеме.
Необходимо иметь хорошие результаты A - level как минимум по 2 предметам, чтобы получить место в университете.
Однако одних только хороших экзаменов недостаточно.
Университеты выбирают своих студентов после интервью.
Для всех британских граждан, место в университете даёт вместе с этим Грант от местных органов образования.
Английские университеты сильно отличаются друг от друга.
Они отличаются датой основания, размером, историей, традициями, общей организацией, методами обучения, образом студенческой жизни.
После трех лет обучения выпускник университета получает степень бакалавра искусств, науки, техники, медицины и т.
Д. Позже он может продолжать обучение для получения степени магистра, а затем степени доктора.
Два интеллектуальных столпа Великобритании, Оксфордский и Кембриджский университеты, датируются 12м и 13м веками.
Они известны во всем мире и являются самыми старыми и престижными университетами Великобритании.
Их часто называют вместе, как Оксбридж (Oxbridge), но оба они полностью независимы.
Только элита от образования поступает в Оксфорд и Кембридж.
Шотландские университеты Сент - Эндрюса, Глазго, Абердина и Эдинбурга датируются пятнадцатым и шестнадцатым веками.
В девятнадцатом и начале двадцатого веков были основаны так называемые университеты 'красного кирпича'.
К ним относятся Лондон, Манчестер, Лидс, Ливерпуль, Шеффилд и Бирмингем.
В конце шестидесятых - начале семидесятых годов было создано около 20 "новых" университетов.
Иногда их называют университетами из 'бетона и стекла'.
Среди них университеты Сассекса, Йорка, Восточной Англии и некоторые другие.
За эти годы правительство создало 30 политехнических учебных заведений.
Политехнические институты, как и университеты, предлагают обучение первой и высшей степеней.
Некоторые из них предлагают полный рабочий день и совместные полный с неполным рабочими днями.
Колледжи предоставляют двухгодичные курсы педагогического образования, а иногда и трехлетние, если выпускник специализируется на каких - то конкретных предметах.
Некоторые из выпускников, решив бросить школу в возрасте 16 лет, могут поступить в колледж для дополнительного образования, где они могут пройти курс обучения машинописи, инженерии, градостроительству, кулинарии или парикмахерскому делу, на полный или неполный рабочий день.
Колледжи дополнительного образования имеют тесные связи с торговлей и промышленностью.
Есть интересная форма обучения - Открытый Университет.
Он предназначен для людей, которые учатся в свободное время и которые "посещают" лекции, смотря телевизор и слушая радио.
Они поддерживают связь по телефону и переписке со своими наставниками, посещают летние школы.
Студенты Открытого университета не имеют формальной квалификации и не смогут поступить в обычные университеты.