Английский язык | 10 - 11 классы
Pomogite plz napisat' summary, max 100 - 150 slov BANKING from the Egyptians to the Victorians The first safe - deposit vaults were operated in ancient Egypt by royal palaces and temples.
Receipts were issued to those who deposited their goods in these vaults and written orders were required for withdrawals from them.
The common form of money at that time was precious metals in weighed quantities.
However, the written withdrawal orders became a more convenient method of payment.
In Alexandria, in the Ptolemaic period (305 - 30 BCE), granaries were organized into a network of state grain banks.
Their main accounts were recorded in a central bank.
This bank network operated as a giro system.
Payments were transferred from one account to another without the physical exchange of money.
The ancient Greeks developed money in the form of silver and bronze coins around 600 BCE.
Counting coins was much quicker and more convenient than weighing them, so the use of coins for everyday transactions spread rapidly.
Greek bankers developed other services, including money - changing services, because of the variety of coins used.
They developed a credit system which provided merchants with finance to pay for the shipping of their goods.
During the Middle Ages, European monarchs controlled the production, or minting, of coins.
The value of the royal coins often exceeded their metallic value and minting costs.
The English monarchs recalled all the coins and issued new ones every few years.
This enabled them to reduce the circulation of counterfeit coins and make a profit from the metals used.
In the 13 th century, Italy rose as a leader in commerce and industry.
The Italian merchants helped revive commercial (merchant) banking.
During the 14th century, the Bardi and Peruzzi families ran the major banking houses.
Their banks collapsed, however, due to large and imprudent loans to the kings of England and Naples.
The result was a financial panic, which had a serious effect on the economy.
The Medici family established their own banks in the 15th century.
These banks had connections to Germany as well as to financial centres in northern Europe.
Banking in continental Europe was controlled by wealthy private bankers and powerful statesmen for more than 300 years.
In England in 1571, Sir Thomas Gresham built the first Royal Exchange.
He obtained large loans from financiers in Antwerp.
He was also banker to a series of monarchs from Henry VIII to Elizabeth I.
But it was the London goldsmiths who laid the foundations for British banking.
They issued deposit receipts, verifying ownership, to customers who deposited gold and silver with them.
At first, the receipts simply proved that a certain amount of silver or gold had been deposited, but later the use of the receipts extended beyond that of reclaiming deposits.
They became a form of exchange between traders in settling transactions.
They were a convenient alternative to handling coins or precious metals, and so operated as paper money.
This practice eventually led to the use of banknotes in England.
By the 17th century, goldsmiths were issuing additional receipts against the gold to borrowers.
This meant the receipts on the gold exceeded the value of the gold reserves held.
The result was an increase in the money supply.
This system only worked so long as the original depositors did not withdraw all their deposits at the same time.
There are other goldsmith banking functions that are relevant today.
They include the development of demand and time deposits, balance sheets and promissory notes.
I. Read and translate the text?
I. Read and translate the text.
Answer the questions.
( Если не трудно помогите грамотно и правильно ответить на вопросы)THE BOSTON TEA PARTY
1 The early English settlements in America were founded by small groups of people, like the Mayflower emigrants.
These colonies grew larger and became important factors in Britain's struggle for greater role in the world.
They gave Britain different materials and much money.
From the mid - 1700s relations between Britain and the 13 British colonies on the east cost of North America began to break down.
After the British defeated France in the Seven Years War in 1763, they tried to exert more power over the colonies.
The colonies had no right to trade with other nations than England.
They also had to pay duty on everything imported by England to the colonies from other countries.
At the same time the American colonies themselves were becoming stronger and were establishing their own industry, agriculture and trade.
They ignored many rules introduced by the British Parliament, which did not let them trade with other nations.
The colonies did not want to pay the duties on products brought from Britain and her other colonies.
They were especially against the duty on all tea imported into colonies, and duties on some other less important products like paper.
So late in 1773, when the colonists learned that seven British ships carrying tea were on their way to New York, Boston and other ports, they decided that the tea duty was not going to be paid and that the tea was not going to be landed.
When the first ship, the Dartmouth, reached Boston, a meeting was called to discuss the problem and decide what to do.
2 At the meeting the Americans decided not to take this tea and made a plan.
Fifty Boston men dressed as Indians and after dark climbed up the sides of the Dartmouth and two other ships which had already reached Boston and threw the boxes of tea into water.
This incident was named the Boston Tea Party.
What had happened at Boston was greeted by other colonies.
All of them were beginning to understand that they could develop better without a mother country.
Many people began to think that they would have to fight for their rights.
These people were called Patriots.
The next year the leaders of the colonies called a meeting to discuss relations with Britain.
It was held m Philadelphia, in September, 1774.
At this meeting, which was called the Continental Congress, the colonies' problems were discussed for many days.
In the end the Congress decided .
To send a letter to London asking the Government to respect the rights of the colonists in America ; but there was no change for the better.
So the patriots understood that the Congress hadn't helped them much and they would have to fight for their rights.
Preparations for the war, which cost Britain its American Empire, began.
It was the war for the independence of American colonies from British rule.
Answer the following questions : 1.
Who were the founders of the first British settlements in America?
2. What rules about the American colonies were introduced by the British Parliament?
3. What did the colonists decide late in 1773 and why?
4. What happened in Boston on a dark night in December, 1773?
5. Who were called the Patriots?
6. What was the Continental Congress?
Where and when did it meet?
Combine these pairs of sentences as in the example?
Combine these pairs of sentences as in the example.
Example : The services are useful.
The workers provide the services.
= > ; The services which the workers provide are useful / a.
The goods are essential.
They need the goods.
B. The schools and hospitals are essential.
The provide the schools and hospitals.
C. The goods are valuable.
He buys the goods.
D. The money buys essential commodities.
People earn this money.
E. The goods and services are very useful.
People produce these goods and services.
F. The work is called economic activity.
We do this work.
G. The work provide them with money.
People do this work.
H. The economic activities make up the economic system.
People undertake these economic activites.
. Найдите в тексте и выпишите предложения, содержащие местоимения?
. Найдите в тексте и выпишите предложения, содержащие местоимения.
Укажите, к.
Какой группе они относятся (личные, притяжательные, указательные, вопросительные, отрицательные и др.
). Переведите предложения на русский язык.
The word money comes from the name of the Roman goddess in whose temple silver coins were made.
Money did not always look like our money.
Sometimes it was a ring or an ornament, or just a slab of gold or silver, from which coins were v made.
Still later cheaper metals replaced gold and silver.
British coins are made in the Royal Mint.
The metals come in the form of slabs.
The right proportion of each metal for the sort of coin being made, are put into large graphite pots and melted in very hot furnaces for two hours.
And left to cool.
The bars of metals go throught heavy rollers and become thin metal slrips.
The strips go into another machine which stamps out circles in them.
The circles drop into a box.
The waste metal is collected and remelted.
Next the circles are annealed : they are heated to red - hot and then dropped into cold water.
During the process of annealing the copper takes some of the oxygen from the air.
As a result a thin layer of copper oxide appears on the surface of the circle, which is removed with a weak solution of sulphuric acid.
While hot the circles are stamped, and also pass through a special pressing machine which raises a rim cm the coin.
(The rim will help the coin to live longer.
) In stamping the softish circle of the future coin is pressed above and below by two pieces of metal called dies.
The upper die stamps the heads of the coin and the lower die stamps the tails.
While being stamped the coin becomes hard again.
When the coins are ready they arc Counted on an automatic machine, and inspected by hand.
Then they are Recounted and bagged up by machine, tied up and weighed and sent to the bank.
Выпишите in текста предложения со словами, оформленными окончанием - s?
Выпишите in текста предложения со словами, оформленными окончанием - s.
Определите функцию этого окончания : а) показатель 3 - сго лица единственного числа глагола в Present In - definite ; б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного ; в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного
The word money comes from the name of the Roman goddess in whose temple silver coins were made.
Money did not always look like our money.
Sometimes it was a ring or an ornament, or just a slab of gold or silver, from which coins were v made.
Still later cheaper metals replaced gold and silver.
British coins are made in the Royal Mint.
The metals come in the form of slabs.
The right proportion of each metal for the sort of coin being made, are put into large graphite pots and melted in very hot furnaces for two hours.
And left to cool.
The bars of metals go throught heavy rollers and become thin metal slrips.
The strips go into another machine which stamps out circles in them.
The circles drop into a box.
The waste metal is collected and remelted.
Next the circles are annealed : they are heated to red - hot and then dropped into cold water.
During the process of annealing the copper takes some of the oxygen from the air.
As a result a thin layer of copper oxide appears on the surface of the circle, which is removed with a weak solution of sulphuric acid.
While hot the circles are stamped, and also pass through a special pressing machine which raises a rim cm the coin.
(The rim will help the coin to live longer.
) In stamping the softish circle of the future coin is pressed above and below by two pieces of metal called dies.
The upper die stamps the heads of the coin and the lower die stamps the tails.
While being stamped the coin becomes hard again.
When the coins are ready they arc Counted on an automatic machine, and inspected by hand.
Then they are Recounted and bagged up by machine, tied up and weighed and sent to the bank.
7 True or false?
7 True or false?
Read the sentence from the text and explain your answer.
1. The Romans had to leave the British Isles.
2. The Angles and the Saxons were Germanic tribes.
3. The Celts, the Angles and the Saxons were friends.
4. The Celts had to leave their land.
5. The Celts were pagans.
6. The Angles and the Saxons were Christians.
7. The word Anglia" means "the land of the Angles'.
'.
Choose the right word to complete the sentences?
Choose the right word to complete the sentences.
1) - (Was / were) there any money in the box?
₋ I don`t know, but there (is / are) no money in it now.
2) Where (is / are) the coins?
(Is / Are) they on the shelf?
3) Ask Jane if the has (many / much) money.
4) Money (was / were) important in the past, money (is / are) important now.
5) Take (this / these) money and buy some fruit / 6) The money (is / are) not in the bag, (it / they) (is / are) in the moneybox.
Общий вопрос к предложению the coins were made from a mixture of gold and silver?
Общий вопрос к предложению the coins were made from a mixture of gold and silver.
The Tories were the party that supported Church and King ; the other main party at the time were the Whigs, who were a group eager for political reform?
The Tories were the party that supported Church and King ; the other main party at the time were the Whigs, who were a group eager for political reform.
Как перевести?
Нужен перевод этого текста, пожалуйста, чтобы подходило по смыслу The wagons were drawn by horses along the rails to the river where the ships tied up against wooden structures called coal fell the bo?
Нужен перевод этого текста, пожалуйста, чтобы подходило по смыслу The wagons were drawn by horses along the rails to the river where the ships tied up against wooden structures called coal fell the boat tipped at the end of the staithe by a pulley and the into in this below.
In 1720 there were more than 20, 000 horses trucks way around Newcastle and the number was always increasing, It needed one man and one horse for every wagon - load of coal.
The track was usually so that the man was needed clear the way and act as a brake to when the wagon went downhill.
Coal and so mines were More boats, however, came to the staithes for opened up further from the staithes and the railway lines became longer.
Sometimes it was not possible for the colliery owner to lay the track across his own land, so he asked permission to do so from another landowner, promising to pay a certain sum of money.
If the owner of the land refused, the colliery owner asked Parliament to pass an Act forcing the landowner to have the railway lines over his land.
The first Act of this kind was passed 1758 a line near Leeds.
It was not until 1801 that an Act was passed by Parliament permitting the building of a railway line which anyone could use.
It was called the Grand Surrey Iron Railway and ran for 91 / 2 miles from Croydon to the River Thames at Wandsworth.
Unlike the railways of today.
Any goods carrier who had wagons which would run on the rails and the horses to pull them could use the track by paying a certain sum of money.
The track was a plate - way and this made it easier for the goods carriers to use the wagons on the roads.
Roads for By 1820, it was clear that the railways were better than the carrying heavy goods and that iron rails were better than wooden ones, but the engineers could not agree about the best way of pulling the trucks.
Here are the ways from which they had to choose : By horses ropes.
2. By stationary engines pulling the trucks on 3.
By locomotives driven by steam,.
Read the rules and the examples?
Read the rules and the examples.
Then make sentences.
_________________
We use this / these for things near us.
We use this in the singular and these in the plural.
We use that / those for things far away from us.
We use that in the singular and those in the plural.
На этой странице находится вопрос Pomogite plz napisat' summary, max 100 - 150 slov BANKING from the Egyptians to the Victorians The first safe - deposit vaults were operated in ancient Egypt by royal palaces and temples?. Здесь же – ответы на него, и похожие вопросы в категории Английский язык, которые можно найти с помощью простой в использовании поисковой системы. Уровень сложности вопроса соответствует уровню подготовки учащихся 10 - 11 классов. В комментариях, оставленных ниже, ознакомьтесь с вариантами ответов посетителей страницы. С ними можно обсудить тему вопроса в режиме on-line. Если ни один из предложенных ответов не устраивает, сформулируйте новый вопрос в поисковой строке, расположенной вверху, и нажмите кнопку.
The first safe - deposit vaults were operated in ancient Egypt by royal palaces and temples.
The common form of money at that time was precious metals in weighed quantities.
Payments were transferred from one account to another without the physical exchange of money.
The ancient Greeks developed money in the form of silver and bronze coins around 600 BCE.
Counting coins was much quicker and more convenient than weighing them, so the use of coins for everyday transactions spread rapidly.
Greek bankers developed other services, including money - changing services, because of the variety of coins used.
During the Middle Ages, European monarchs controlled the production of coins.
The English monarchs recalled all the coins and issued new ones every few years.
This enabled them to reduce the circulation of counterfeit coins and make a profit from the metals used.
Banking in continental Europe was controlled by wealthy private bankers and powerful statesmen for more than 300 years.
In England in 1571, Sir Thomas Gresham built the first Royal Exchange.
He obtained large loans from financiers in Antwerp.
He was also banker to a series of monarchs from Henry VIII to Elizabeth I.
London goldsmiths who laid the foundations for British banking.
At first, the receipts simply proved that a certain amount of silver or gold had been deposited, but later the use of the receipts extended beyond that of reclaiming deposits.
They became a form of exchange between traders in settling transactions.
By the 17th century, goldsmiths were issuing additional receipts against the gold to borrowers.
The result was an increase in the money supply.
This system only worked so long as the original depositors did not withdraw all their deposits at the same time.
There are other goldsmith banking functions that are relevant today.
They include the development of demand and time deposits, balance sheets and promissory notes.