Английский язык | студенческий
Translate the text from English into Russian :
1)Criminal law
Criminal law, also known as penal law, pertains to crimes and punishment.
It thus regulates the definition of and penalties for offences found to have a sufficiently deleterious social impact but, in itself, makes no moral judgment on an offender nor imposes restrictions on society that physically prevents people from committing a crime in the first place.
Investigating, apprehending, charging, and trying suspected offenders is regulated by the law of criminal procedure.
The paradigm case of a crime lies in the proof, beyond reasonable doubt, that a person is guilty of two things.
First, the accused must commit an act which is deemed by society to be criminal, or actus reus(guilty act).
Second, the accused must have the requisite malicious intent to do a criminal act, or mens rea (guilty mind).
However for so called "strict liability" crimes, an actus reus is enough.
Criminal systems of the civil law tradition distinguish between intention in the broad sense (dolusdirectus and doluseventualis), and negligence.
Negligence does not carry criminal responsibility unless a particular crime provides for its punishment.
2)Make up 5 different questions to the text.
3)Give the main idea of the whole text in 5 - 7 sentences.
Определите в следующих предложениях видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив ; переведите предложения на русский язык?
Определите в следующих предложениях видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив ; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The Government took a number of measures to strengthen the criminal justice system.
2. The main sources of law are legislation, common law and European Community law.
3. She will know the results tomorrow.
Помогите?
Помогите!
Нужно в тексте определить время и залог глаголов.
Judiciary of England and Wales The English have given(present perfect) the world the system of English law that has its origins in Anglo - Saxon times.
The legal system in England and Wales is divided into civil and criminal courts, which hear evidence and aim to determine what exactly happened in a case.
The lower courts decide matters of fact and the upper courts normally deal with points of law.
The House of Lords is the ultimate court of appeal for both civil and criminal cases.
At the base of the criminal court system, the magistrates’ courts try more than 97 percent of the criminal cases.
More serious criminal cases then go to the Crown Court, which has 90 branches in different towns and cities.
In 1971 the Crown Courts replaced the individual courts, and it is now a single court that may sit anywhere in England, deal with any trial on indictment, and hear appeals and proceedings either on a sentence or on civil matters.
Civil cases are dealt with in County courts.
In England, simple civil actions, for example family matters such as undefended divorce, are normally heard in either the Magistrates’ Courts or the County Courts.
There’s no jury in a Magistrates’ Court.
Family cases may go on appeal from the Magistrates’ Court to the County Courts.
The County Court also hears complex first instance civil cases, such as contract disputes, compensation claims, consumer complaints about faulty goods or services, and bankruptcy cases.
Certain cases may be referred to the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg.
The legal system of Great Britain also includes juvenile courts, which deal with offenders under seventeen, and coroners’ courts which investigate violent or unnatural death.
Tribunals deal with professional standards, disputes between individuals, and between individuals and government departments.
More complex civil cases are heard in the High Court of Justice, which is divided into three divisions : Family, Chancery and Queen’s Bench.
The court has both original, that is, first instance, and appellate jurisdiction.
From the High Court cases may go on appeal to the civil division of the Court of Appeal, which can reverse or uphold a decision of the lower courts.
Its decisions bind all the lower civil courts.
Civil cases may leap frog from the High Court to the House of Lords, bypassing the Court of Appeal, when points of law of general public importance are involved.
The court of the House of Lords consists of twelve life peers appointed from judges and barristers.
The quorum, or minimum number, of law lords for an appeal hearing is normally three, but generally there is a sitting of five judges.
About 95% of all criminal cases in England and Wales are tried in the Magistrates’ Courts, which deal with petty crimes, that is, less serious ones.
In certain circumstances, the court may commit an accused person to the Crown Court for more severe punishment, either by way of a fine or imprisonment.
Except in cases of homicide, children under 14 and young persons – that is, minors between 14 and 17 years of age – must always be tried summarily, meaning without a jury, by a Youth Court.
A Youth Court is a branch of the Magistrates’ Court.
Indictable offences, that is, more serious ones such as theft, assault, drug dealing, and murder, are reserved for trial in the Crown Court.
In almost all criminal cases, the State, in the name of the Crown, prosecutes a person alleged to have committed a crime.
In England and Wales, a jury of twelve people decides whether the defendant is guilty of the crime she or he is charged with.
The Crown Court may hear cases in circuit areas.
From the Crown Court, appeal against conviction or sentence lies to the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal.
If leave to appeal is granted by that court, cases may go on appeal to the House of Lords.
Militia of the Republic of Belarus(1) The first militia forces in Belarus were created in 1917?
Militia of the Republic of Belarus
(1) The first militia forces in Belarus were created in 1917.
The Militia of the Republic of Belarus, which comes under the authority of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, has a wide range of activity.
Its activity is regu - lated by the Law on Militia of the Republic of Belarus, adopted in 1991, and amended several twice.
(2) According to the Law the principle task of the Belarusian Militia is to prevent and eradicate crime.
To meet the requirements of our life, the militia officer must be a broad - educated person, he should be a perfect expert in laws and their proper usage and he should be competent in human psychology and human understand - ing.
For all that the militiaman should possess initiative, patience and investigative ability.
(3) The duties of the Militia are various including criminal investigation, administrative enforcement and others.
It sees to it that citizens observe laws, government decrees and local ordinances, which regulate public peace and order.
It protects state and public property and personal property of the citizens.
It maintains order in public places, summons first aid for people who are involved in street or other accidents and so on.
(4) Under the law, the central objective of the law enforcement agencies is to provide security or, at least, a social and psychological feeling of security, to a majority of citizens, in a majority of places for most of the time.
Nowadays great attention in the work of militia is also paid to prevention of crime, to its suppression.
But if a crime has been committed, the militia officers are to solve the crime as quickly as possible.
To fulfill these tasks the law - enforcement agencies are composed of different departments.
(5) The main responsibility of the officer of the Criminal Detection Department is to detect the criminal, i.
E. to locate and apprehend him.
Officers of the Criminal Investigation Department collect facts to prove the guilt or the innocence of the suspect.
The Economic Crimes Department deals with revealing the criminal activi - ty of those who commit embezzlement and other economic crimes, and bringing them into justice.
The State Au - to - Inspection (Traffic Regulation Department) is responsible for traffic regulation and safety on the roads ; it con - trols them through preventive acts and enforcement.
The Transport Militia maintains law and order on the rail - way, airlines and waterways in the country.
The Juvenile Inspection handles juvenile delinquents and their care - less parents ; they also do much work to prevent juvenile delinquency.
The Correctional System is supposed to rehabilitate offenders through labour ; this is the purpose of correctional establishments.
Militia officers of the Organized Crime Department are devoting their efforts to collect sufficient evidence to bring gang leaders to justice.
3. Используя информацию текста «Militia of the Republic of Belarus» письменно ответьте на следу - ющие вопросы.
1. What enactment regulates the activities of the Belarusian Militia?
2. What qualities should a militiaman possess to meet the requirements of modern life?
3. What are the main duties of a militiaman?
4. What are the main departments of law - enforcement agencies?
Перевести и правильно составить предложения?
Перевести и правильно составить предложения!
Law / Criminal / is / by / interpreted / the courts
is the part / Criminal / of law / of the land
interact / many / with / They / other / units / police
The / judge / decide / has to / about / the case
КТО РЕШИТ СДЕЛАЕТ ЗДОРОВОЙ ЖИЗНИ.
1. Two / committed / men / a crime / with / inadvertence2?
1. Two / committed / men / a crime / with / inadvertence
2.
Law / Criminal / is / by / interpreted / the courts
3.
Is the part / Criminal / of law / of the land
перевод и составить правильно предложение.
Some of these sentences have mistakes correct them 1)The police have helped us to get home in their car?
Some of these sentences have mistakes correct them 1)The police have helped us to get home in their car.
2)Police have caught the criminal 3)The police was asked for help 4)Would you like to join the police?
5)Call the police 6)The police is lloking for the criminals 7)Sometimes the police are later : when they arrive, the criminal has already left the scene of crime 8)Somebody called the police and it came very fast.
Нужен перевод на русский язык?
Нужен перевод на русский язык.
Заранее спасибо Militia of the Republic of Belarus
(1) The first militia forces in Belarus were created in 1917.
The Militia of the Republic of Belarus, which comes under the authority of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, has a wide range of activity.
Its activity is regulated by the Law on Militia of the Republic of Belarus, adopted in 1991, and amended several twice.
(2) According to the Law the principle task of the Belarusian Militia is to prevent and eradicate crime.
To meet the requirements of our life, the militia officer must be a broad - educated person, he should be a perfect expert in laws and their proper usage and he should be competent in human psychology and human understanding.
For all that the militiaman should possess initiative, patience and investigative ability.
(3) The duties of the Militia are various including criminal investigation, administrative enforcement and others.
It sees to it that citizens observe laws, government decrees and local ordinances, which regulate public peace and order.
It protects state and public property and personal property of the citizens.
It maintains order in public places, summons first aid for people who are involved in street or other accidents and so on.
(4) Under the law, the central objective of the law enforcement agencies is to provide security or, at least, a social and psychological feeling of security, to a majority of citizens, in a majority of places for most of the time.
Nowadays great attention in the work of militia is also paid to prevention of crime, to its suppression.
But if a crime has been committed, the militia officers are to solve the crime as quickly as possible.
To fulfill these tasks the law - enforcement agencies are composed of different departments.
(5) The main responsibility of the officer of the Criminal Detection Department is to detect the criminal, i.
E. to locate and apprehend him.
Officers of the Criminal Investigation Department collect facts to prove the guilt or the innocence of the suspect.
The Economic Crimes Department deals with revealing the criminal activity of those who commit embezzlement and other economic crimes, and bringing them into justice.
The State Auto - Inspection (Traffic Regulation Department) is responsible for traffic regulation and safety on the roads ; it controls them through preventive acts and enforcement.
The Transport Militia maintains law and order on the railway, airlines and waterways in the country.
The Juvenile Inspection handles juvenile delinquents and their careless parents ; they also do much work to prevent juvenile delinquency.
The Correctional System is supposed to rehabilitate offenders through labour ; this is the purpose of correctional establishments.
Militia officers of the Organized Crime Department are devoting their efforts to collect sufficient evidence to bring gang leaders to justice.
Помогите перевести предложения?
Помогите перевести предложения!
1. The criminal is not dangerous as a person.
2. The criminal is not a dangerous person.
3. The person is not a dangerous criminal.
Read the text and decide whether statements 1 - 7 are true or false?
Read the text and decide whether statements 1 - 7 are true or false.
Write the words from the text which mean the same as or the opposite of the words in italics.
Crime
Crime is defined by society and relative to the society defining it.
Traditionally, crime is considered an offence, a violation of public rules or laws.
Crime is defined within each society by specific criminal laws on a national, state and local level.
Actions that are offensive to an individual or group of people, but do not violate laws are not crimes.
Punishment or other sanction result from the violation of these laws, and the social system for monitoring and enforcing public rules or laws is to put into action.
The social system generally consists of an administrative authority that formally deals with crime and a force of representative officers to enforce the laws and act on behalf of society.
Being guilty of a criminal act usually involves some form of conscious evil intent or recklessness.
In unintentional cases, such as crimes committed by children or the insane, the criminal is not usually punished in the same manner as intentional crime.
Theories of crime and criminal activity are numerous and varied, but the reasons behind crime remain elusive.
Theories suggest many possible causes.
One theory suggests that property crime depends on criminal motive and opportunities to perpetrate crime.
It also contends that crime is influenced by the degree to which others guard over neighbourhoods and other people.
This particular theory relates an increase in crime rate to an increase in crime opportunity and a decrease in protection.
Research also shows that income inequality correlates to property crime.
1. Offence is another word for crime.
…… True - crime is considered an of - fence….
2. The word offensive is related to crime.
………
3.
It is the duty of the police to violate the law.
……. 4.
Generally, people who are guilty of a crime are aware of what they are doing.
……
5.
The explanations for crime are difficult to find.
……
6.
Crime can increase if people protect their property less.
…. 7.
Crime on property is linked to the different amounts of money people earn.
…. .
Translate the text from English into Russian :Constitutional and administrative lawThe French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, whose principles still have constitutional valueConst?
Translate the text from English into Russian :
Constitutional and administrative law
The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, whose principles still have constitutional value
Constitutional and administrative law govern the affairs of the state.
Constitutional law concerns both the relationships between the executive, legislature and judiciary and the human rights or civil liberties of individuals against the state.
Most jurisdictions, like the United States and France, have a single codified constitution with a bill of rights.
A few, like the United Kingdom, have no such document.
A "constitution" is simply those laws which constitute the body politic, from statute, case law and convention.
A case named Entick v Carrington illustrates a constitutional principle deriving from the common law.
MrEntick's house was searched and ransacked by Sheriff Carrington.
When MrEntick complained in court, Sheriff Carrington argued that a warrant from a Government minister, the Earl of Halifax, was valid authority.
However, there was no written statutory provision or court authority.
The leading judge, Lord Camden, stated that,
The great end, for which men entered into society, was to secure their property.
That right is preserved sacred and incommunicable in all instances, where it has not been taken away or abridged by some public law for the good of the whole .
If no excuse can be found or produced, the silence of the books is an authority against the defendant, and the plaintiff must have judgment.
The fundamental constitutional principle, inspired by John Locke, holds that the individual can do anything but that which is forbidden by law, and the state may do nothing but that which is authorised by law.
Administrative law is the chief method for people to hold state bodies to account.
People can apply for judicial review of actions or decisions by local councils, public services or government ministries, to ensure that they comply with the law.
The first specialist administrative court was the Conseild'État set up in 1799, as Napoleon assumed power in France.
Make up 5 different questions to the text.
Give the main idea of the whole text in 5 - 7 sentences.
На этой странице находится ответ на вопрос Translate the text from English into Russian :1)Criminal lawCriminal law, also known as penal law, pertains to crimes and punishment?, из категории Английский язык, соответствующий программе для студенческий. Чтобы посмотреть другие ответы воспользуйтесь «умным поиском»: с помощью ключевых слов подберите похожие вопросы и ответы в категории Английский язык. Ответ, полностью соответствующий критериям вашего поиска, можно найти с помощью простого интерфейса: нажмите кнопку вверху страницы и сформулируйте вопрос иначе. Обратите внимание на варианты ответов других пользователей, которые можно не только просмотреть, но и прокомментировать.
1)Уголовное право
Уголовное право, также известное как уголовный закон, относится к преступлениям и наказанию.
Таким образом он регулирует определение, и наказания за преступления имеют достаточно негативные социальные последствия, но само по себе не дает никаких моральных суждений о правонарушителе, не накладывает ограничений на общество, которое физически предотвращает людей от совершения преступления, в первую очередь.
Расследования, задержания, обвинения, и попытки подозреваемых правонарушителей регулируются уголовно - процессуальным законом.
В случае парадигмы преступление заключается в доказательстве, вне всяких разумных сомнений, что человек виновен в двух вещах.
Во - первых, обвиняемый должен совершить деяние, которое расценивается обществом как преступное, или actus reus(обвинительный акт).
Во - вторых, обвиняемый должен обладать необходимым злым умыслом, чтобы сделать преступное деяние, или преступный умысел (виновный ум).
Однако для так называемой "строгой ответственности" преступления, обвинительного акта вполне достаточно.
Системы уголовного гражданского права различают намерение в широком смысле (dolusdirectus и doluseventualis), и халатность.
Халатность не несет уголовной ответственности, если только конкретное преступление предусматривает наказание.