Английский язык | 5 - 9 классы
Why do men wear beards?
When you see a man with a beard, doesn’t he somehow look impressive and important?
In the history of man, this has been the way people looked upon beards.
It was a sign of manhood.
That’s why you will find that in ancient times, when an important person was shown, he was usually shown with beard.
The Greek god, Zeus, was shown with a bird ; drawing representing god showed a beard ; Abraham and King Arthur were always pictured with beards.
In the western civilization, there is no general rule about beards.
Sometimes they were considered stylish and right for man to have, sometimes no man would want to be seen with a beard.
Long before the conquests of England by the Normans, the beard was considered unfashionable and not worn by men.
Then the style changed and beards became popular again.
The kings of England, who set the fashions that men followed, demonstrated different tastes for beards.
For example, Henry the second had a small beard, Henry the third had a long beard.
By the middle of the thirteenth century, most men were wearing full and curled beards, and it was common in the fourteenth century.
Then beards disappeared again during the fifteenth century, and slowly began to come back into fashion with the sixteenth century.
It was Henry the eighth, who made the beards the fashionable again.
During the time of Queen Elizabeth the first, lawyers, soldiers, courtiers and merchants all had beards.
But Ann became queen of England, Nobody who was anybody either a beard or moustache or whiskers.
In fact, when George the third was imprisoned and his beard was allowed to grow, many of his followers felt this was the most horrible and insulting thing of all.
So, you see that shaving the beard off for a man has not been simply a question of having a razor.
These have existed for thousand of years.
To wear a beard or not has been simply a question of style.
‘True’ or ‘False’?
Ancient times people that a beard made a man look more important.
B2. Fashion for beards changed with time.
B3. On the British Isles men began shaving their beards off only as result of Norman conquest.
B4. All English kings wore small beards.
B5. Henry the eighth lived in the sixteenth century.
B6. Razors have appeared only recently and when they appeared the fashion for beards changed.
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(срочно) 4.
After the time of the Romans, the speed of discovery slowed down, and indeed many earlier discoveries were lost for hundreds of years.
It was not until the fifteenth century, with the coming of the Renaissance, that discoveries were again made on a large scale.
Europe was suddenly filled with a wish to explore the world.
No less important was the invention of printing, giving many men an opportunity to read and to own books which before had been available to only the wealthy few.
The spread of ideas was rapid, and led in its turn to the writing of more books.
The voyagers of the Renaissance discovered the existence of many new and strange lands, and in these lands were all sorts of unknown animals and plants.
Сделайте перевод тестаThe lifestyle which we enjoy today is a result of countless ideas and inventions, which have taken many centuries of man’s history to develop?
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The lifestyle which we enjoy today is a result of countless ideas and inventions, which have taken many centuries of man’s history to develop.
1. The first great idea which started man on the road to his great achievements was when a caveman picked up a heavy stone to help him.
The use of fire was another step without which no subsequent development would have been possible.
But once man had learned to make and use fire, it was only a short step to discovering the use of metals.
Another great move towards modern technology was the invention of the wheel by some unknown prehistoric genius.
2. Man had efficient metal weapons and was able to hunt large animals for food.
Gradually, he learned to capture and tame some of the creatures, so that he could keep his food nearby until it was needed.
Man also discovered how to plant crops, gathering seed from wild plants, which he knew to be useful.
Once farming was established, it did not take man long to make special tools for breaking up the ground, and later he began to use the help of domestic animals in pulling his primitive plough.
3. Another important invention which has contributed greatly to our modern knowledge was writing.
At first, writing was a special form of drawing, and was usually very simple.
But gradually these primitive drawings turned into letters.
From the counting of days and months, man went on to count cattle and sheep and the earliest forms of arithmetic appeared.
The Greeks were the first people to use writing to record language as spoken by contemporary men ; and their works are still widely read today, for information and for pleasure.
4. After the time of the Romans, the speed of discovery slowed down, and indeed many earlier discoveries were lost for hundreds of years.
It was not until the fifteenth century, with the coming of the Renaissance, that discoveries were again made on a large scale.
Europe was suddenly filled with a wish to explore the world.
No less important was the invention of printing, giving many men an opportunity to read and to own books which before had been available to only the wealthy few.
The spread of ideas was rapid, and led in its turn to the writing of more books.
The voyagers of the Renaissance discovered the existence of many new and strange lands, and in these lands were all sorts of unknown animals and plants.
5. The seventeenth century saw a development of science.
The eighteenth century is associated with many inventions and culminated in the Industrial Revolution.
The invention of the steam engine, the condenser and piston made possible modern manufacturing processes.
The nineteenth century was the age of the machine when man realized that many previously hard tasks could be done more easily and cheaply by machinery.
Farm machinery was invented, and production of larg - er food - crops became possible.
The nineteenth century also saw the invention of electricity, which revolutionized life and made many other things possible.
The manufacture of cars began a new era in transport, and led to the appearance of lorries and buses, without which our cities would not have grown to their present size.
6. The previous century was the one to see immense changes and various inventions.
The airplane was constructed.
During the Second World War man became aware of atomic energy and nuclear weapons.
The second half of the twentieth century was characterized by the inventions of television, computers, spacecraft, genetic engineering and many others.
7. All our discoveries today are based on the ideas of men who lived before us ; and without their groundwork, modern inventions would have been impossible.
With so many wonderful achievements behind him, modern man can go into an era of even greater discoveries, and all nations can benefit from the knowledge left to us by earlier generations.
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Помогите, очень нужен перевод.
The Development of Rubber Here is the story of rubber.
From the earliest time it was common knowledge the Peruvians that when a cut was made in the outside skin of a rubber tree , a white dliquid milk came out , and that this a sticky mass of rubber might be made .
This rubber is soft when warm, so that it is possible to give it any .
The Peruvians made the that it was very good for keeping out the wet.
Then in the early 1800's , the Americans made use of it for the first time .
First they made overshoes to their feet dry.
Then came a certain Mr.
Mackintosh, who made coats of cloth covered with natural rubber.
From that day to this we have been coating cloth with rubber as Mr.
Mackintosh, and our raincoats are still named after him.
But these first rubber overshoes and raincoats were all soft and sticky in summer, and and inelastic in the winter when it was cold.
But the rubber we have today is soft and elastiс, very strong - even in the warmest summer and the coldest winter.
This was made by a man called Goodyear.
After many , he found that nitric acid made the rubber much better, but it is not hard and strong enough.
Then a strange thing took .
A friend of his , Nicholas Hayward, had the idea in his sleep that rubber might be made hard and strong if mixed with sulphur and put in the sun.
Goodyear put this idea the test, and saw that it did have more or less the desired effect - though somewhat less than more.
The only effect it had was on the outside of the drubber.
It is common knowledge now that the to make rubber hard and strong is by heating dit with sulphur.
Make rendering , reported speech?
Make rendering , reported speech.
Мне нужен пересказ в reported speech , можно часть предложений пропускать , главноен чтобы смысл был .
One day, a few years ago, a train was travelling through the English countryside.
This was in the days when trains had small compartments, and in one particular compartment there were four people.
There was a young girl, quite pretty, who looked like a student or someone who was starting her first job ; there was an old lady, dressed in black with bags and magazines and knitting ; there was an army officer in his mid - thirties, immaculately dressed in his uniform and very stiff and proper in his manner ; and finally there was a young cockney, casually dressed with a sparkle in his eye and ever ready to have joke.
It was quite obvious that both the men were attracted to the young girl, though the officer certainly wouldn’t show it and the cockney felt inhibited by the presence of the others.
Suddenly the train went into a tunnel ; the lights had not been put on, so for half a minute the carriage was in complete darkness, and in the darkness came the sound of a large kiss followed almost immediately by a loud slap.
What had taken place while the train was in the tunnel?
When the train finally emerged and it was light again in the carriage, there for all to see was the officer with a bleeding nose and swollen eye.
And the old lady, seeing this, thought to herself, “What a brave young lady, who dared to hit the officer for stealing a kiss in such a cowardly way!
” And the young girl, seeing the suffering of the officer, was puzzled.
“How strange”, she thought, “that the officer should kiss the old lady, not me!
” The poor officer, nursing two injuries that caused him more than a little pain and embarrassment, considered to himself “That cockney’s quite a clever chap!
He kissed the girl, and the girl hit me!
” And the cockney laughed silently to himself at the trick he had played.
“I am a clever chap, ” he thought to himself.
“I kissed the back of my hand, hit the officer in the face and nobody said a word!
”.
Переведите пожалуйста в таком виде : he was on old men?
Переведите пожалуйста в таком виде : he was on old men.
Он был старый человек.
He always went down.
Он всегда ходил вниз.
То есть английское предложение и рядом перево и так весь текст.
Если не сможете не делайте пожалуйста.
25 баллов.
Вот текст.
He was an old man who fished alone in a boat in the Gulf Stream.
He had gone out to sea for eighty - four days and did not catch a fish.
In the first forty days a boy had been with him.
But after forty days without a fish the boy's parents had told him that the old man was now definitely see unlucky and ordered the boy to go to another boat.
It made the boy man return each day with his boat empty and he always went down to the shore to help the old man to carry the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the mast with the sail wrapped around it.
The sail was patched with flour sacks and looked like the flag of defeat.
The old man had deep wrinkles in the back of his neck.
The brown spots of not dangerous tropical cancer covered his cheeks almost to the neck.
His hands had scars from the lines that he used when catching heavy fish Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same colour as the sea and were merry and undefeated.
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Merlin is one of the most fascinating figures in British mythology.
He was a wizard, a poet, a teacher and an advisor to kings.
His story is full of mystery and magic.
Today, we think of Merlin as a wise old man with a beard and a cloak who had magical powers.
Ancient myths describe him as being half human ; the son of a woman and a demon, and they say he could turn into a bird or cloud!
In the 6th century the Kings of Britain were fighting great battles with foreign enemies.
News of Merlin's intelligence and magical abilities reached King Uther and he became the King's advisor.
One day, Merlin had a vision that the King's son, Arthur, was in great danger.
Merlin advised the King to send his son to live in the forest.
As the young Arthur was growing up in the forest Merlin became his guardian and teacher.
When Uther died, the noblemen of the country started fighting each other for the throne.
To put an end to the fighting Merlin created a contest to choose the new king.
He stuck the magic sword, Excalibur, into a large stone and said whoever pulled it out was the true King.
All the strongest men in the land tried to free the sword but failed.
Then Arthur, who was looking for a sword for a local tournament, saw the sword and lifted it out easily.
He became king and made Merlin his special advisor.
Even today, people wonder Merlin was more than just a character of medieval stories.
Real or not, Merlin continues to fascinate people whenever they hear his story.
Запишите вопросы по тексту One day a man who made caps went to the market to sell them?
Запишите вопросы по тексту One day a man who made caps went to the market to sell them.
It was a long way to go.
The man passed by a long river.
When he was in the forest, he decided to rest a little, as the day was very hot and he was very tired.
The man saw a large tree.
He decided to rest under it.
As the sun was very hot, the man put on one of the caps on his head and put all the other caps on the ground under the tree.
The manhad his lanch, then lay down and soon was asleep.
When he woke up, he could not find the caps.
"Where are my caps?
" he cried.
He could not find them anywhere.
What could he do?
Suddenly he looked up.
And what did he see?
He saw many monkeys in the tree, and each monkey had the man's cap on its head!
"Give me back my caos!
" cried the man.
But the monkeys could not undertand the man.
They laughed, jumped and played with the caps.
The man asked and asked the monkeys to give him back his caps, but the monkeys didn't understand him.
They only laughed.
The man got very much angry with the monkeys.
He took off his cap, threw it on the ground and cried : "If you want my caps, you may take this one, too!
"
And do you know what the monkeys did?
They took off the caps and threw them on the ground!
That's how the man got back all his caps.
Certainly, he was very glad.
He quickly took all his caps and went away.
It seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains?
It seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains.
But the imbrella was not invented profection against rain.
Its first use was to protect people against the sun.
B) Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times.
Probably the first to use it were the Chihnese is the eleventh century B.
C! We knkw that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt too.
C) And there was a strange thing about the umbrella in those days.
It showed that a person who hand it belonged to people of high social status.
In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella wasn allowed to be used only by the members of royal familiens or by thouse in high office.
B) In Europe, the Creeks were the first to use the umbrella and they used it as protection against the umbrella as protection against the rain, were the ancient Pomans.
E) During the Middle Ages the umbrella practically stopped being used.
Then people began making them again in italy in the late sixteenth century.
And again it was suppsosed to be a symbol of power and authority.
By 1680, the umbrella appeared in Frence, and later on in England.
F) By the nineteenth century, the umbrella was used agaist rain by peoples of most Evropean countres.
Umbrellas have not shanged much in style durning all this time, though they have become much linghter in weight.
It wash' t until the twentieth century that women' s umbrellas began to be made in different colours.
Напишите как читается :Only when all the rivershave run dryAnd all the fish in the sea have diedOnly when all the rainforestshave been burnt downAnd there is no food for animalsOnly when all the blue ?
Напишите как читается :
Only when all the rivers
have run dry
And all the fish in the sea have died
Only when all the rainforests
have been burnt down
And there is no food for animals
Only when all the blue skies
have been filled with smoke
And the cities of the world have choked
Will the white man understand that
It’s too late to save the earth.
Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык?
Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык.
Задайте по содержанию текста 3 вопроса и дайте на них ответы.
England under Foreign Kings The invaders, known as Vikings, or Danes returned again and again to attack England.
At first they didn't settle, and the English had to pay tribute.
In the ninth century they conquered and settled in the extreme north and west of Scotland and also some coastal regions of Ireland.
They held the English crown for twenty - four years.
Three Danish kings, one after the other, ruled over England ; one of them, Canute, was at the same time king of England, Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
The rule of Danish kings over England came to an end soon after Canute's death in 1035.
Now the Normans began to attack the coasts of England from Normandy (France).
In 1066 an invading army of the Normans won the victory at the battle of Hastings ; as a result of this single battle William, Duke of Normandy, was crowned king of England and became known in the popular history as William the Conqueror.
Unlike the Germanic invasions, the Norman invasion was small - scale.
The Normans didn't settle in special areas of settlement.
They were given ownership of land and of the people living on it.
The feudal system was introduced, where the lords and the barons were Normans, and the peasants were Saxons.
The invaders spoke French, and it was the language of the upper classes and the government ; English was the language of the lower classes.
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B2 true B3 false B4 true B5 true B6 false.