Английский язык | 10 - 11 классы
Помогите перевести) As we know all computer systems perform the functions of inputting, storing, processing, controlling, and outputting.
Now we'll get acquainted with the computer system units that perform these functions.
But to begin with let's examine computer systems from the perspective of the system designer, or architect.
It should be noted that computers and their accessory equipment are designed by a computer system architect, who usually has a strong engineering background.
As contrasted with the analyst, who uses a computer to solve specific problems, the computer system architect usually designs computer that can be used for many different applications in many different business.
For example, the product lines of major computer manufacturers such as IBM, Digital Equipment Corporation and many others are the result of the efforts of teams of computer system architects.
Unless you are studying engineering, you don't need to become a computer system architect.
However, it is important that as a potential user, applications programmer or systems analyst you understand the functions of the major units of a computer system and how they work together.
Types of computers The two basic types of computers are analog and digital.
Analog computers simulate physical systems.
They operate on the basis of an analogy to the process that is being studied.
For example, a voltage may be used to represent other physical quantities such as speed, temperature, or pressure.
The response of an analog computer is based upon the measurement of signals that vary continuously with time.
Hence, analog computers are used in applications that require continuous measurement and control.
Digital computers, as contrasted with analog computers, deal with discrete rather than continuous quantities.
They count rather than measure.
They use numbers instead of analogous physical quantities to simulate on - going, or real - time processes.
Because they are discrete events, commercial transactions are in a natural form for digital computation.
This is one reason that digital computers are so widely used in business data processing.
Machines that combine both analog and digital capabilities are called hybrid computers.
Many business, scientific, and industrial computer applications rely on the combination of analog and digital devices.
The use of combination analog devices will continue to increase with the growth in applications of microprocessors and microcomputers.
An example of this growth is the trend toward installing control systems in household appliances such as microwave ovens and sewing machines.
In the future we will have complete indoor climate control systems and robots to do our housecleaning.
Analog sensors will provide inputs to the control centres of these systems, which will be small digital computers.
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The world's first electronic computer ( built ) at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946, although computer - like machines ( use ) in the 19th century.
Computers ( sell ) for the first time in the 1950s, and a lot of progress ( make ) since then.
Computers are now much smaller and more powerful, and they ( sell ) much more cheaply.
Computers ( use ) in many fields - in business, science, medicine and education.
They ( use) to forecast the weather or to control robots which build cars.
The computer's memory is the place where information ( keep) and calculations ( do ).
A computer cannot think for itself - it ( tell ) exactly what to do.
A lot of difficult calculations ( do ) very quickly on a computer.
Large numbers of home computers ( sell ) recently, especially in the USA and Britain.
People know more about computers than they used to, and computers are playing a bigger part in our lives.
Progress ( make ) all the time.
Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even household jobs like cleaning ( do ) by computer - controlled robots.
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Informed citizens of our information - dependent society shoud be computer - literate, which means that they should be able to use computers as everyday problem - solving devices.
They should be aware of the potential of computers to influence the quality of life.
There was a time when only priviliged people had an opportunity to learn the basics, called the three R's : reading, writing, and arithmetics.
Now, as we are quickly becoming an information - becoming society, it is time to restate this right as the right to learn reading, writing and computing.
There is little doubt that computers and their many applications are among the most significant technical achievements of the century.
They bring with them both economic and social changes.
"Computing" is a concept that embraces not only the old third R, arithmetics, but also a new idea — computer literacy.
In an information society a person who is computer - literate need not be an expert on the design of computers.
He needn't even know much about how to prepare programs which are the instructions that direct the operations of computers.
All of us are already on the way to becoming computer - literate.
Just think of your everyday life.
If you receive a subscription magazine in the post - office, it is probably addressed to you by a computer.
If you buy something with a bank credit card or pay a bill by check, computers help you process the information.
When you check out at the counter of your store, a computer assists the checkout clerk and the store manager.
When you visit your doctor, your schedules and bills and special services, such as laboratory tests, are prepared by computer.
Many actions that you have taken or observed have much in common.
Each relates to some aspect of a data processing system.
Напишите 4 - 5 вопросов к данному тексту : What is a computer system?
Напишите 4 - 5 вопросов к данному тексту : What is a computer system?
It is a blend of two different things : hardware and software Hardware and software must be together to create the full computer system.
Hardware is the physical part of a computer anything you can touch and anything you can see.
The computer console, the monitor, the keyboard, the mouse that physical stuff is hardware.
Software is the brains of the computer.
It tells the hardware what to do.
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Там надо поставить 14 глаголов в Passive Voice.
The world's first electronic computer ( built ) at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946, although computer - like machines ( use ) in the 19th century.
Computers ( sell ) for the first time in the 1950s, and a lot of progress ( make ) since then.
Computers are now much smaller and more powerful, and they ( sell ) much more cheaply.
Computers ( use ) in many fields - in business, science, medicine and education.
They ( use) to forecast the weather or to control robots which build cars.
The computer's memory is the place where information ( keep) and calculations ( do ).
A computer cannot think for itself - it ( tell ) exactly what to do.
A lot of difficult calculations ( do ) very quickly on a computer.
Large numbers of home computers ( sell ) recently, especially in the USA and Britain.
People know more about computers than they used to, and computers are playing a bigger part in our lives.
Progress ( make ) all the time.
Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even household jobs like cleaning ( do ) by computer - controlled robots.
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In other words, the manner in which the various individual systems are connekted - for exemple, by phone lines, microwave transmission, or satellite - is an element of the total cpmputer system.
Software is the term used to describe the instructions thet tell the hardware how to perform a task.
Without software instructions, the hardware doesnt know what to do.
People, however, are the most important component of the computer system : they create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.
The basic job of the computer is the processing of information.
Computers accept information in the form of instruction called a program and characters called data to perform mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results.
The data is raw material while information is organized, processed, refined and useful for decision making.
Computer is used to convert data into information, Computer is also used to store information in the digital form.
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Much of the processing computers can be divided into two general types of operation.
Arithmetic operations are computations with numbers such as addition, subtraction, and other mathematical procedures.
Early computers performed mostly arithmetic operations, which gave the false impression that only engineers and scientists could benefit from computers.
Of equal importance is the computers ability to compare two values to determine if one is larger than, smaller than, or equal to the other.
This is called a logical operation.
The comparison may take place between numbers, letters, sounds, or even drawings.
The processing of the computer is based on the computer's ability to perform logical and arithmetic operations.
Instructions must be given to the computer to tell it how to process the data it receives and the format needed for output and storage.
The ability to follow the program sets computers apart from most tools .
However, - new tools ranging from typewriters to microwave ovens have embedded computers, or built - in computers.
An embedded computer can accept data to use several options in it's program, but the program itself cannot be changed.
This makes these devices flexible and convenient but not the embedded computers itself.
Помогите перевести текст COMPUTERS HELP TO CONTROL TRAIN TRAFFIC An automatic train operation system is being developed in our country?
Помогите перевести текст COMPUTERS HELP TO CONTROL TRAIN TRAFFIC An automatic train operation system is being developed in our country.
It will make possible to control and regulate train traffic on all railways.
This system is being formed on the basis of computer centres which exist on each of the country's railway lines.
The purpose of the traffic control system based on electronics is to make easier the work of traffic controllers who direct the movement of trains on the most intensive lines.
The computer will give the controller the fall information on the conditions on the line, model all the processes on the route and advise him what he should do to improve the situation.
The computer will advise the drivers with which speed they should drive trains on each sector of the route.
The computer system will help train gatherers in their work.
It is only now, in the computer age, that it has become possible to choose the necessary variants of train formation automatically.
The new method will double the speed of train processing and make the work of railway - men easier.
In the future it is planned to automate train driving as well.
The computer will take over driver's functions, making it possible to considerably reduce the intervals of train movement.
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What is a computer?
Computer is a device for processing information.
Computer has no intelligence by itself and called hardware.
A computer system is a combination of four elements :
●Hardware
●Software
●Procedures
●Data / Information
Software are the programmes that tell the hardware how to perform a task.
Without software instructions, the hardware doesn't know what to do.
The basic job of the computer is the processing of information.
Computers take information in the form of instructions called programs and symbols called data.
After that they perform various mathematical and logical operations and then give the results(information).
Computer is used to convert data into information.
Computer is also used to store information in the digital form.
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Переведите данный текст на русский язык :
What is a Software?
Computer programs are called software.
Software is instructions for hardware (the machines) to do work.
Software is often divided into two categories.
Systems software : the operating system and all the utilities that enable the computer to function.
Applications software : programs that do real work for users.
For example, word processors, spreadsheet programmes, and games are applications software.
Помогите задать вопросы к текстуComputers are electronic machines which can accept data in a certain form, process the data and give the results of the processing in a specified format as information?
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Computers are electronic machines which can accept data in a certain form, process the data and give the results of the processing in a specified format as information.
Three basic steps are involved in the process.
First, data are fed into the computer’s memory.
Then, when the program is run, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data.
Finally, we can see the results (the output) on the screen or in printed form.
Information in the form of data and programs is known as software, and the electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer system are called hardware.
A standard computer system consists of three main sections : the central processing unit (CPU), the main memory and the peripherals.
Perhaps the most influential component is the central processing unit.
Its function is to execute program instructions and coordinate the activities of all the other units.
In a way, it is the ‘brain’ of the computer.
The main memory holds the instructions and data which are currently being processed by the CPU.
The peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer.
They include storage devices and input / output devices.
Storage devices (floppy, hard or optical disks) provide a permanent storage of both data and programs.
Disk drives are used to handle one or more floppy disks.
Input devices enable data to go into the computer’s memory.
The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.
Output devices enable us to extract the finished product from the system.
For example, the computer shows the output on the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of a printer.
On the rear panel of the computer there are several ports into which we can plug a wide range of peripherals – modems, fax machines, optical drives and scanners.
These are the main physical units of a computer system, generally known as the configuration.
На странице вопроса Помогите перевести) As we know all computer systems perform the functions of inputting, storing, processing, controlling, and outputting? из категории Английский язык вы найдете ответ для уровня учащихся 10 - 11 классов. Если полученный ответ не устраивает и нужно расшить круг поиска, используйте удобную поисковую систему сайта. Можно также ознакомиться с похожими вопросами и ответами других пользователей в этой же категории или создать новый вопрос. Возможно, вам будет полезной информация, оставленная пользователями в комментариях, где можно обсудить тему с помощью обратной связи.
Как известно, все компьютерные системы выполняют функции ввода, хранения, обработки, управления и вывода информации.
Сейчас мы познакомимся с компонентами компьютерной системы, выполняющими эти функции.
Но для начала рассмотрим компьютерные системы с точки зрения разработчика систем, или разработчика архитектуры.
Следует подчеркнуть, что компьютеры и вспомогательные устройства проектируются разработчиком компьютерных систем, как правило, обладающим высокой квалификацией в области инженерии.
В отличие от аналитика, использующего компьютер для решения конкретных задач, разработчик компьютерных систем обычно разрабатывает компьютеры, которые могут быть использованы для большого числа различных приложений для различных дел.
Например, серии продуктов основных производителей компьютеров, таких, как IBM, Digital Equipment Corporation и многие другие - результат работы команд разработчиков компьютерных систем.
Если ты не изучаешь инженерное дело, тебе не нужно становится разработчиком компьютерных систем.
Однако, необходимо, чтобы ты, как потенциальный пользователь, прикладной программист или системный аналитик, понимал функции основных компонентов компьютерной системы и их взаимодействие.
Типы компьютеров
Два основных типа компьютеров - аналоговый и цифровой.
Аналоговые компьютеры моделируют поведение физических систем.
Они функционируют по аналогии с изучаемым процессом.
Например, напряжение можно использовать для представления других физических величин, таких, как скорость, температура или давление.
Ответ аналогового компьютера основан на измерении сигналов, непрерывно изменяющихся с течением времени.
Следовательно, аналоговые компьютеры применяются в таких сферах, где требуется постоянное измерение и контроль.
Цифровые компьютеры, в отличие от аналоговых, имеют дело скорее с дискретными, чем непрерывными величинами.
Они скорее считают, чем измеряют.
Они используют числа вместо аналоговых физических величин, чтобы моделировать непрерывные процессы или процессы в режиме реального времени.
Представляя собой дискретные события, коммерческие операции находятся в форме, естественной для цифровых вычислений.
По этой причине цифровые компьютеры так широко используются для обработки коммерческих данных.
Машины, сочетающие аналоговые и цифровые свойства, называются гибридными компьютерами.
Многие коммерческие, научные и промышленные компьютерные приложения рассчитаны на аналоговые и цифровые устройства.
Использование комбинированных аналоговых устройств будет продолжать расти с ростом применения микропроцессоров и микрокомпьютеров.
Примером такого роста служит тенденция к установке узлов управления в таких домашних приборах, как микроволновые печи и швейные машины.
В будущем комплексные системы регуляции температуры в доме и роботы будут убираться в наших домах.
Аналоговые сенсоры будут предоставлять данные небольшим цифровым компьютерам, которые будут являться узлами управления таких систем.