Английский язык | 5 - 9 классы
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It is well known that the element carbon plays an important role in the life on Earth.
If all the carbon and carbon compounds were suddenly removed from the earth it would look like the surface of the moon?
Many of the little every - day things would be quite impossible without the element carbon.
In an ordinary pencil, for example, the inside of the pencil made from graphite, which is an elementary form of carbon, the wood and the paint on the surface of the pencil are all carbon or carbon compounds.
The paper of a book, the cover and soon are also made of carbon compounds.
All of the clothes one wears including shoes cannot exist without carbon.
If carbon compounds were removed from the human body, there would be nothing left except water and a small residue of minerals and the same is true for all forms of living matter.
Fuels, foods and many drugs are mostly made of carbon compounds.
In addition, many carbon compounds such as plastics to be connected, with the life processes play a vital role in one's life.
There are nearly two million different carbon compounds to have been studied and described in the chemical literature with thousands of new ones, which are reported every year.
Although there are 89 other naturally occurring elements, the number of known carbon compounds is many times greater than that of the known compounds which contain no carbon.
The very large and important branch of chemistry, which studies and investigates carbon compounds, is called organic chemistry.
The name "organic" comes from the past when chemical compounds produced from ones - living matter were called "organic" and all other compounds were called inorganic.
The importance of carbon chemistry for man is great.
Every month several hundred new organic compounds are prepared.
A few of these new compounds become important as medicines, plastics, textiles, solvents, food additives, cosmetics or some other products.
A very few number may provide an important explanation of the mechanism of fundamental chemical reaction in the human body.
Most, however, become laboratory findings and for the present, at least, have no practical application.
The preparation of new and different compounds through chemical reaction is called organic synthesis.
The million or so organic compounds now known and characterized were synthesized in the laboratories of the world in the past 150 years.
Complex mixtures of hydrocarbon compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen occur in very large quantities in nature as petroleum and natural gas.
Many other organic compounds are prepared from these materials after they are separated into their constituents.
From the simplest hydrocarbon, methane, come such products as plastic vessels, acrylic fibers, vinyl paints, etc.
Look through the text again to complete the sentences?
Look through the text again to complete the sentences.
1. Climate is the weather a certain place has over.
2. Climate has a very important influence on.
3. At the same time the coldest place on the planet.
4. Some of the heat warms the atmosphere, and some of the heat.
5. People and animals breathe in oxygen, and.
6. Trees take carbon dioxide from the air, and.
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Нужен перевод!
Global geo - sphere life providing cycles involving the study of the role of geosphere environments of the Earth in the global cycles of carbon, nitrogen and water transfer.
Определите в них видо - временные формы глагола и укажите их инциатив?
Определите в них видо - временные формы глагола и укажите их инциатив.
1. These compounds consist of such elements as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus.
2. The company manufactures the equipment which will fulfill the process operations of pasta poduction.
3. The opened a new market in south Asia last year.
4. The laboratory opens at 8 o`clock.
Is there life on other planets?
Is there life on other planets?
The planets in the solar system all go round the Sun.
There are nine planets, but our planet, the Earth, is the only one with living things.
We now know that the conditions on the other planets are not suitable for life.
Mercury, for example, is closer to the Sun than the Earth is.
It is too not.
Other planets which are further from the sun are too coold.
3. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам : 1?
3. Задайте вопросы к выделенным словам : 1.
Medicines are compounded, dispensed, and sold in pharmacies.
2. Dispensing may only require the transfer of manufactured products to a prescription container.
3. Chemistry has many divisions such as general chemistry, organic chemistry, the chemistry of carbon compounds.
4. It is important for the pharmacist to know whether the chemicals are stable.
Упр. 1?
Упр. 1.
Поставьте следующие предложения в пассивный залог : Chemists call these compounds metals → These compounds are called metals by chemists.
1. They discussed the results of the reaction yesterday.
2. We prepare sodium salts from the carbonate or hydroxide.
3. They spoke much of the problem.
4. A discussion will follow the lecture.
5. They will comment upon new data in this article.
6. We began the experiment in the morning.
7. The great affinity for oxygen distinguishes the metals.
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ДАМ 50 БАЛЛОВ.
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Перевод не нужен.
Climate is the weather in a certain place over a long period of time.
Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans and is different in different parts of the world.
Some scientists think that the world is becoming hotter.
If you compare Minsk winter and summer temperatures at the beginning of our century and at its end you will see that climate has really changed.
Winters have become warmer.
Sometimes there is little snow in January, and there were winters when it rained on the New Year's Eve.
Many people say that it is so because of the greenhouse effect.
The problem is that a very small rise in the temperature of the Earth can completely change the climate.
In recent years, deserts have grown larger, Northern Europe has grown wetter the ice on mountains has began to melt and the level of the oceans has risen.
Some small islands in the Pacific ocean have disappeared.
Weather is not the same as climate.
The climate of a place or region represents the average weather conditions over a long period of time.
The climate of any place results from the interaction of a number of determining factors, of which the most important are latitude, distance from the sea, relief and the direction of the prevailing winds.
The weather at a place is the state of the atmosphere there at a given time or over a short period.
Weather happens in the atmosphere or in the air between the Earth and space which consists of a few layers.
The simplest explanation of weather is that it is the condition of atmosphere at a definite time and place on the Earth.
It can be hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy.
This condition is influenced by the number of atmospheric factors, such as air pressure, temperature, humidity, precipitation.
There are five climatic zones on this planet : the equatorial climate zone, the tropical climate zone, the temperate climatic zone, Arctic and Antarctic climate belts.
The climate in our country is temperate - continental with a hot summers, long, cold winters and very distinct seasons.
In general there are no significant differences between the district of Belarus, due to the small size of the country.
The climate is conditioned by the country inland locations, dominations of flat relief and relative remoteness from the Atlantic Ocean.
(During the last 100 years people have produced a lot of carbon dioxide.
This gas in the atmosphere works like glass in a greenhouse.
It lets heat get in, but it doesn't let much heat get out.
So the atmosphere becomes warmer.
Where does the carbon dioxide come from?
People and animals breathe in oxygen, and breathe out carbon dioxide.
We produce carbon dioxide when we burn things.
Trees take this gas from the air, and produce oxygen.
But in the last few years, people have cut down and burn big areas of rainforest.
This means there are fewer trees, and, of course, more carbon dioxide!
As we see the climate in different parts of the world changes a little from year to year.
These changes can be dangerous for our planet, which needs protection.
Earth is millions of years old, much older than the humans.
We know many of its secrets.
Yet there is still much to learn.
).
ДАМ 50 БАЛЛОВ?
ДАМ 50 БАЛЛОВ.
Выдилите главное в этом тексте, чтобы не потерялся смысл, чтобы текст был не таким большим.
Внизу перевод.
Climate is the weather in a certain place over a long period of time.
Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans and is different in different parts of the world.
Some scientists think that the world is becoming hotter.
If you compare Minsk winter and summer temperatures at the beginning of our century and at its end you will see that climate has really changed.
Winters have become warmer.
Sometimes there is little snow in January, and there were winters when it rained on the New Year's Eve.
Many people say that it is so because of the greenhouse effect.
The problem is that a very small rise in the temperature of the Earth can completely change the climate.
In recent years, deserts have grown larger, Northern Europe has grown wetter the ice on mountains has began to melt and the level of the oceans has risen.
Some small islands in the Pacific ocean have disappeared.
Weather is not the same as climate.
The climate of a place or region represents the average weather conditions over a long period of time.
The climate of any place results from the interaction of a number of determining factors, of which the most important are latitude, distance from the sea, relief and the direction of the prevailing winds.
The weather at a place is the state of the atmosphere there at a given time or over a short period.
Weather happens in the atmosphere or in the air between the Earth and space which consists of a few layers.
The simplest explanation of weather is that it is the condition of atmosphere at a definite time and place on the Earth.
It can be hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy.
This condition is influenced by the number of atmospheric factors, such as air pressure, temperature, humidity, precipitation.
There are five climatic zones on this planet : the equatorial climate zone, the tropical climate zone, the temperate climatic zone, Arctic and Antarctic climate belts.
The climate in our country is temperate - continental with a hot summers, long, cold winters and very distinct seasons.
In general there are no significant differences between the district of Belarus, due to the small size of the country.
The climate is conditioned by the country inland locations, dominations of flat relief and relative remoteness from the Atlantic Ocean.
(During the last 100 years people have produced a lot of carbon dioxide.
This gas in the atmosphere works like glass in a greenhouse.
It lets heat get in, but it doesn't let much heat get out.
So the atmosphere becomes warmer.
Where does the carbon dioxide come from?
People and animals breathe in oxygen, and breathe out carbon dioxide.
We produce carbon dioxide when we burn things.
Trees take this gas from the air, and produce oxygen.
But in the last few years, people have cut down and burn big areas of rainforest.
This means there are fewer trees, and, of course, more carbon dioxide!
As we see the climate in different parts of the world changes a little from year to year.
These changes can be dangerous for our planet, which needs protection.
Earth is millions of years old, much older than the humans.
We know many of its secrets.
Yet there is still much to learn.
).
Помоги ответить на вопросы по текстувопросы :1?
Помоги ответить на вопросы по тексту
вопросы :
1.
What organs are made up respiratory system?
2. What do lungs provide?
3. What protect lungs?
Текст :
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
All animals need oxygen to live.
Land animals get oxygen from the air.
Without the oxygen in the air we cannot survive more than a few minutes.
Breathing happens automatically, we do not have to even think about it.
We breathe in order to take oxygen into our bodies and get rid of carbon dioxide.
The oxygen is carried in the blood to all the body's cells.
The air we breath out has 100 times more carbon dioxide than the air we breath in.
Nose and Nasal Cavity.
The respiratory system is made of body parts that are in charge of your breathing.
It includes your nose and nasal cavity.
You air though your nose.
As you inhale, small specks of dirt are trapped by many tiny hairs in your nose.
This cleans the air.
The hairs stop the dirt from going further in your body.
The moist inside surface in your nose traps even smaller pieces of dirt.
The nasal cavity, the air passage behind the nose, plays an important role in breathing.
The nasal cavity is divided into a right and left passageway.
The tissue that covers the wall of your nasal cavity contains many blood vessels.
Heat from the blood in the vessels helps warm the air as you breath.
Moisture is added to the air you breath by special cells in the walls of the nasal cavity.
The air is warmed and moistened before it reaches your lungs.
Windpipe and Bronchial Tree.
The windpipe (trachea) joins the upper respiratory tract to the lungs.
If you gently touch the front of your throat you can feel the trachea.
The bottom of the trachea splits into two branches called bronchi.
One enters the right lung and one goes to the left lung.
The bronchial tree's job is to spread the air from the trachea over a very wide area as quickly as possible.
The air passing through the windpipe divides into two branches.
These divide into twigs called bronchioles.
These twigs open into little bags called alveoli.
We have about 300 million alveoli (air sacs) in each lung.
The alveoli gives our lungs a huge surface for absorbing oxygen from the air.
Lungs.
Lungs provide the breath of life.
Our lungs are about the size of a pair of footballs.
They fill our chest from the neck to the ribs.
The lungs are protected by our ribs.
The lungs are the pickup place for oxygen and the drop off place for carbon dioxide.
The lungs are always working, breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide.
Blood is pumped into the lungs from the heart through the pulmonary arteries.
Blood with oxygen leaves the lungs through the pulmonary veins and travels to the heart.
Oxygen is the fuel that makes all the body processes run.
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Помогите с переводом !
Two large islands and a lot of small ones are situated to the northwest of Europe.
They are known as the British Isles.
The largest island is called Great Britiain.
The other large islands is called Ireland.
In the British Isles there are two states : the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britian and Northern Ireland.
Great Britian, or Britian, is the name for the largest island in the eight largest island in the world.
The United Kingdom of Great Britian and Northen Ireland is the political name for the country, which is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and or the UK.
People often name the United Kingdom as Great Britian or Britian, which is not correct.
The capital of the UK is London.
The population of the UK is about 60million people.
It should be remembered that not only the English live in the UK.
The Scots, Welsh and Irish are British too.
The British are also people of other ethnic groups whose parents came to live in the UK in the 1850s and 1860s from India, Pakistan, Hong Kong and other places .
Most British people speak English, but such languages as Welsh, Gaelic and others are also spoken and taught at scools in the UK.
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Хорошо известно, что углерод играет важную роль в жизни на нашей планете.
Если бы весь углерод и его соединения внезапно пропали с Земли, она бы выглядела, как поверхность Луны.
Множество маленьких повседневных вещей были бы невозможны без углерода.
Внутренняя часть обычного карандаша сделана из графита, который является элементарной формой углерода, дерево и краска на поверхности карандаша состоят из углерода и углеродных соединений.
Бумага книги и ее обложка также сделаны из соединений этого элемента.
Вся одежда, которую мы носим, включая обувь, не может существовать без углерода.
Если убрать углеродные соединения из человеческого тела, от нас ничего не останется, кроме воды и небольшого остатка минералов.
То же относится ко всем формам живой материи.
Топливо, еда, лекарства в основном состоят из соединений углерода.
К тому же, многие соединения углерода, такие, как пластик, с жизненными процессами играют жизненно важную роль в жизни человека.
Около двух миллионов различных углеродных соединений были изучены и описаны в химической литературе с тысячами новых, которые появляются каждый год.
Хоть и имеется 89 других элементов, число известных углеродных соединений во много раз превышает число известных соединений, не содержащих углерод.
Огромная и важная ветвь химии, изучающая и исследующая углеродные соединения, называется органической химией.
Название "органический" пришло из прошлого, когда химические соединения, полученные из одной живой материи назывались органическими, а все остальные - неорганическими.
Значение углеродной химии для человечества велико.
Каждый месяц появляется несколько сотен новых органических соединений.
Некоторые из них приобретают особую важность и становятся медикаментами, пластиками, тканями, растворителями, пищевыми добавками, косметикой и другими продуктами.
Очень немногие могут служить важным объяснением механизма фундаментальной химической реакции в организме человека.
Так или иначе, большинство из них становятся лабораторными находками и, по крайней мере, в настоящее время не имеют практического применения.
Получение новых соединений через химическую реакцию называется органическим синтезом.
Около миллиона известных органических соединений были синтезированы за последние 150 лет.
Смеси углеводородных соединений, содержащих только углерод и водород, встречаются в очень больших количествах в природе, например, в качестве нефти и природного газа.
Многие другие органические соединения получаются из этих материалов после разделения их на составляющие.
Из простейшего углеводорода и метана получаются такие продукты, как пластиковые сосуды, акриловые волокна, виниловые краски и т.
Д.