Smart – or shape memory – materials are an invention that has changedthe world of engineering?

Английский язык | студенческий

Smart – or shape memory – materials are an invention that has changed

the world of engineering.

There are two types : metal alloys and plastic polymers.

The metal alloys were made first and they are usually an expensive

mixture of titanium and nickel.

Shape memory materials are called 'smart' because they react to changes

in their environment, for example :

plastics that return to their original shape when the temperature

changes.

One use is in surgery where plastic threads 'remember' the

shape of a knot, react to the patient's body temperature and make

themselves into stitches.

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Lisisx 10 окт. 2021 г., 06:56:49

Смарт - или память формы - материалы - изобретение, которое изменилось

Мир техники.

Есть два типа : металлические сплавы и пластиковые полимеры.

Сначала делались металлические сплавы, и они, как правило, дорогие

Смесь титана и никеля.

Материалы памяти формы называются умными, потому что они реагируют на изменения

В их среде, например :

Пластмассы, которые возвращаются к своей первоначальной форме, когда температура

изменения.

Одно применение в хирургии, где пластиковые нити «помнят»

Форму узла, реагировать на температуру тела пациента и делать

Себя в швы.

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Clear plastic wrapping allows the consumer to see the state of the food inside at the same time as preventing contamination from dust and bacteria.

But now supermarkets are looking at new types of packaging.

Some supermarkets have decided to wrap their fresh fruit and vegetables in biodegradable plastic packaging instead of conventional plastic.

Biodegradable plastics or bioplastics can be made from plant - based materials such as starch from corn, wheat, or potatoes.

In the environment, micro - organisms are able to break down these plastics easily and quickly to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Biodegradable plastics can also be made by some bacteria that are capable of producing granules of plastic (PHA / PHB) in their cells.

Biodegradable plastic packaging can be composted and allows customers to dispose of their own waste at home.

Active packaging is a new development that can interact with the product to improve it or provide the consumer with information about the freshness of the product.

An American company has developed a label that indicates the temperature a package has been stored at.

A chemical in the label polymerizes and becomes darker in colour if the temperature rises.

Another company has developed a membrane wrapper which changes its permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide as the temperature changes so that the best O2 / CO2 balance can be achieved inside the packaging.

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There are many islands in the South Pacific.

These are tropical islands.

The weather is warm all year round.

The trees on the island in the picture are coconut palms.

They are very useful because they grow well in sandy and salty places near the seashore where other kinds of trees can't grow.

The coconuts give food.

The islanders can dry the nuts and sell them to make oil.

They can also use the trunks of the trees for building and the leaves for making roofs for their houses.

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Are they in the photo?

And. is that?

. is that in the cae?

And. is that behing you?

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)0))

Complete tne text with the phrases below.

Plastic

Every day we throw a lot of plastic into our bins.

Tnis is a problem because plastic doesn't change.

This means that it uses a lot of space if we don't reuse it (1.

). Half of the rubbish on our beaches is made of plastic.

It takes 450 years for plastic things to decompose(2.

). Making plastic also uses a lot of oil.

We need to use oil for two things.

First we use it for plastic(3) and second we use oil for energy to make the plastic.

Because of this(4.

) to recycle different plastics.

Celluloid was one of the first plastics.

It's made from cotton and two other materials.

People use celluloid(5.

). The word nylon comes from the names of two cities, New York and London.

Today the plastic which we use most is called Polyethylene.

We use it for(6)

a) if they are put under the ground

b) it's important to try

c) to make films

d) or recycle it

e) bottles and boxes

f) as the basic material.

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Complete tne text with the phrases below.

Plastic Every day we throw a lot of plastic into our bins.

Tnis is a problem because plastic doesn't change.

This means that it uses a lot of space if we don't reuse it (1.

). Half of the rubbish on our beaches is made of plastic.

It takes 450 years for plastic things to decompose(2.

). Making plastic also uses a lot of oil.

We need to use oil for two things.

First we use it for plastic(3) and second we use oil for energy to make the plastic.

Because of this(4.

) to recycle different plastics.

Celluloid was one of the first plastics.

It's made from cotton and two other materials.

People use celluloid(5.

). The word nylon comes from the names of two cities, New York and London.

Today the plastic which we use most is called Polyethylene.

We use it for(6)

a) if they are put under the ground

b) it's important to try

c) to make films

d) or recycle it

e) bottles and boxes

f) as the basic material.

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Choose the events that are happening now (Pr) and that are happening in the Furure (F)?

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