Английский язык | 10 - 11 классы
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The steam was invented .
James Watt, who worked .
Many years before he could make the instruments .
Which he perfected his machine.
. first he worked .
Primitive tools so he could not make his engine well - regulated.
The old machine was kept going .
A boy who stood by it and let.
The air.
Means of which the steam was condensed at every revolution.
. this machine, though it was imperfect, some work was done and it had been used .
A large mine - owner (шахтовладелец) to pump out the water.
The first efficient steam - engine was made .
A Birmingham firm and it was soon used.
Nearly every manufacturer.
The revolution in industry made .
This machine was extremely great.
Помогите составить 8 вопросов к этому тексту)) James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer, known for his improvements of the steam engine?
Помогите составить 8 вопросов к этому тексту)) James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer, known for his improvements of the steam engine.
Watt was born on January 19, 1736, in Greenock, Scotland.
He worked as a mathematical - instrument maker from the age of 19 and soon became interested in improving the steam engine which was used at that time to pump out water from mines.
Watt determined the properties of steam, especially the relation of its density to its temperature and pres - sure, and designed a separate condensing chamber for the steam engine that prevented large losses of steam in the cylinder.
Watt's first patent, in 1769, covered this device and other improvements on steam engine.
At that time.
Watt was the partner of the inventor John Roebuck, who had financed his researches.
In 1775, however.
Roebuck's interest was taken over by the manu¬facturer Matthew Boulton, owner of the Soho Engineer¬ing Works at Birmingham, and he and Watt began the manufacture of steam engines.
Watt continued his re¬search and patented several other important inventions, including the rotary engine for driving various types of machinery ; the double - action engine, in which steam is admitted alternately into both ends of the cylinder ; and the steam indicator, which records the steam pressure in the engine.
He retired from the firm in 1800 and there¬after devoted himself entirely to research work.
The misconception that Watt was the actual inventor of the steam engine arose from the fundamental nature of his contributions to its development.
The centrifugal or flyball governor, which he invented in 1788, and which automatically regulated the speed of an engine, is of par¬ticular interest today.
It embodies the feedback princi¬ple of a servomechanism, linking output to input, which is the basic concept of automation.
The watt, the unit of power, was named in his honour.
Watt was also a well - known civil engineer.
He invented, in 1767, an attach¬ment that adapted telescopes for use in the measurement of distances.
Watt died in Heathfield, near Birmingham, in August 1819.
Пожалуста помагите составить предложение1 When , Ann , could , all, she , younger, cook, was, not , at?
Пожалуста помагите составить предложение1 When , Ann , could , all, she , younger, cook, was, not , at.
2 the , car , got , into, She , told, and , me, to drive.
3 was , heating, The, still , though , house, cold, on , was , the.
4 the , person , first , Who , was , to , fly , the , moon , to?
ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ ТЕКСТ?
ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ ТЕКСТ.
Ivan Polzunov Ivan Ivanovich Polzunov was a Russian inventor.
He created the first steam engine in Russia and the first two - cylinder engine in the world.
Ivan Polzunjv was born in the family of a soldier in the town Turinsk.
After graduating in 1742 from Mining School (Горнозаводская школа) in Ekaterinburg he worked as a mechanic’s apprentice and in 1748 he began to work in Barnaul.
In the library of Barnaul he found works of Mikhail Lomonosov, that he studied by himself as well as the descriptions of contemporary steam machines by I.
Shlatter.
In 1763 he proposed an original 1.
8 h. p.
Steam engine.
The design used two cylinders on the same shaft that allowed its operations completely independantle from water power even on dry places or in mountains.
The design was a great step forward from contemporary steam machine that used hydropower to return the piston and so could not be used if the hydropower was not available.
The project was sent to Empress Catherine II.
She awarded him 400 rubles but did not seem to appreciate the new technology.
In 1765 Polsunov designed a large 32 h.
P. steam machine for air pumps.
The director of Barnaul Plants general Porshin agreed to use Polzunov’s two - cylinder design as Barnaul steel mills were in a very dry area and in summer they often did not have any hydropower at all.
The machine was assembled in the winter and spring of 1766.
But Ivan Polzunov’s tuberculosis became much worse and he died on May, 1766, at the age of 37, three days before the machine was finished.
The machine worked three months, and then was disassembled despite paying off its costs in those three months.
A working model of the steam machine made by Ivan Polzunov is in the museum of Barnaul and it still works.
A minor planet, 1978SP7 is named in his honor, as well as the crater on the Moon.
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FROM THE HISTORY OF RAILWAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN
The history of railways in Great Britain began in the second part of the 18th century.
The first railways were horse - powered and were used for transporting coal, timber and ore.
Later on, horse - powered railways appeared in large cities and were used as passenger transport.
However, they did not last long.
In 1763, James Watt invented the stationary steam engine and George Stephenson was one of the first who put a steam engine on wheels.
He made a design of a locomotive but could not build it, as he had no money.
Some businessmen decided to construct a railway between Stockton and Darlington to see how Stephenson’s locomotive worked.
On the day when it was opened, a man on a horse went in front of the engine and shouted that the train was coming.
Stephenson, who was running his locomotive, asked the horseman to go away.
He put steam on and ran his locomotive at a speed of 12 miles per hour.
It was the beginning of steam - powered railways.
In 1829, the Liverpool - Manchester Railway was built, and the railway company offered a prize of £500 for the best steam train.
The prize was won by G.
Stephenson with his famous train the “Rocket”.
This locomotive was faster and stronger than the first one ; it could pull 13 tons and achieved an “unheard - of speed” of 29 miles (46 km) per hour.
At first, many people were afraid of the railways.
However, in 1842 the steam - powered railways were already in wide use in Britain.
It should be said * that the gauge was not the same on all the railways.
The famous English engineer Brunel considered that the * * broader the gauge, the easier would the trains run.
Following his advice the Great Western Company had constructed the railway network with a gauge of 7 feet.
That is why for many years there were two gauges in England : the 7 feet suggested by Brunel and 4 feet 8½ inches, offered by Stephenson.
It was inconvenient because where there was a break of gauges, delay was caused and time was wasted.
Angry people wrote to the newspapers and demanded to change the broad gauge.
At last in the House of Commons * * * the broad gauge was described as a “national evil”.
It was very difficult to alter the gauge as the engines, carriages, wagons were made for the broad gauge and more than 30 years “The Battle of the Gauges” lasted.
Only in 1892 the Great Western Railways was converted to the standard gauge.
Notes : * I t should be said – следует сказать * * the…, the – чем…, тем * * * the House of Commons – Палата Общин.
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1.
The first horse - powered railways in Great Britain were used for transporting passengers in large cities.
2. The stationary steam engine was invented by James Watt.
3. The speed of the first Stephenson’s locomotive was 29 miles an hour.
4. The first Stephenson’s locomotive was tested on the Liverpool - Manchester Railway.
5. James Watt made a desing of the first locomotive.
6. Stephenson received a prize of fifty trousand pounds for his locomotive the “Rocket"
7.
At first lots of people were afraid of the railways.
8. The "Rocket" could pull more than thirteen tons.
9. In the 19th century, the gauge of all railways was 4 feet 8½ inches.
10. Now, most railways in Britain have the standard gauge.
Помогите с английскимThe steam locomotive (was или were) invented by George Stephenson 1814The pocket calculator (was и were) by Clive Sinclair 1971The first pneumatic tyres (was или were) invented by?
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The steam locomotive (was или were) invented by George Stephenson 1814
The pocket calculator (was и were) by Clive Sinclair 1971
The first pneumatic tyres (was или were) invented by John Dunlop 1808
The World Wide Web (was или were) invented by Tim Bernes Lee 1989
The electric light bulbs (was или were) invenred by Thomas Edison 1879
Television (was или were) invenred by John Logie Baird 1926
The four - stroke engine (was или were) by Nikolaus Otto 1876.
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1)Who was the first person to invent the radio ?
1)Who was the first person to invent the radio ?
2)Who was the first person to invent the telephone ?
3)Who was the scientist to discover Antractica ?
4)Who were the first explorers to discover Antractica ?
5)Who was the first person to reach the South Pole ?
6)Who was the first person to sail all around the world ?
Charles babbage was a great engineer and inventor he invented a calculating machine in the nineteenth century?
Charles babbage was a great engineer and inventor he invented a calculating machine in the nineteenth century.
In the twentieth century specialists used his ideas to build the first electronic computer.
Перевод.
Charles babbage was a great engineer and inventor he invented a calculating machine in the nineteenth century?
Charles babbage was a great engineer and inventor he invented a calculating machine in the nineteenth century.
In the twentieth century specialists used his ideas to build the first electronic computer.
Перевод.
Перведите вопросы :when was lomonosov born?
Перведите вопросы :
when was lomonosov born?
Who was the first russian cosmonaut?
Who was the first man to walk in space?
When lomonosov found moscow university?
Where was gagarin from and what was he interested in?
What was james cook?
How many voyages around the world did he make?
What did james cook discover?
Who was the first us president?
In what battles did washington take part?
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The steam was invented for James Watt, who worked is many years before he could make the instruments by which he perfekted his machine at first he worked in primitive tools so he could not make his engin well - regulated.
The old machine was kept going for a boy who stood by it and let in the air with means of which the steam was coldensed at every revolytion in this machine, tho ugh it was imperfect, some work was done and it had been used for a large mine - owner (шахтовладелец) to pump out the water.
The first efficient steam - engine was madefor a Birmingham firm and it was soon used nearly every monufacturer.
The revolution in industru made in this machine was extremely great.
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